minor fixes, add streams api

install.spl

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+"to be run with `cargo run install.spl`.";
+
+func main { mega |
+    [ "sudo" "mkdir" "/usr/lib/spl" ] command-wait;
+    [ "sh" "-c" "sudo cp *.spl /usr/lib/spl" ] command-wait;
+    [ "cargo" "build" "--release" ] command-wait;
+    [ "sudo" "cp" "target/release/spl" "/bin" ] command-wait;
+
+    "make sure its executable";
+    [ "sudo" "chmod" "a+rx" "/bin/spl" ] command-wait;
+
+    "SPL is now installed!" println
+
+    0
+}

iter.spl

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+
+construct _Iter {
+    ;
+    foreach { | with callable this ;
+        def itm
+        while { this:next dup =itm null eq not } {
+            itm callable call
+        }
+    }
+    collect { array | with this ;
+        [ { any | } this:foreach ]
+    }
+    map { MapIter | with map-function this ;
+        map-function this MapIter:new
+    }
+    reduce { ReduceIter | with reduce-function this ;
+        reduce-function this ReduceIter:new
+    }
+    fold { FoldIter | with accumulator fold-function this ;
+        accumulator fold-function this FoldIter:new
+    }
+    sum { mega | with this ; 
+        { mega | with accum item ;
+            accum item +
+        } this:reduce:calculate
+    }
+    product { mega | with this ; 
+        { mega | with accum item ;
+            accum item *
+        } this:reduce:calculate
+    }
+    join { str | with separator this ;
+        { str | with accum item ;
+            accum _str separator item _str strconcat strconcat
+        } this:reduce:calculate
+    }
+    filter { FilterIter | with filter this ;
+        filter this FilterIter:new
+    }
+    skip { this | with amount this ;
+        { | 
+            this:next;
+        } amount:foreach
+    }
+    count { mega | with this ;
+        def n 0 =n
+        while { this:next null eq not } {
+            n ++ =n
+        }
+        n
+    }
+    last { any | with this ;
+        def last 
+        def cur
+        while { this:next dup =cur null eq not } {
+            cur =last
+        }
+        last
+    }
+    chain { ChainIter | with other this ;
+        other this ChainIter:new
+    }
+    enumerate { EnumerationIter | with this ;
+        this EnumerationIter:new
+    }
+}
+
+construct MapIter {
+    origin
+    map-function
+    ;
+    construct { this | with map-function origin this ;
+        origin this:=origin
+        map-function this:=map-function
+        this
+    }
+    next { any | with this ;
+        this:origin:next dup null eq if {
+            2 stop
+        }
+        this:map-function call
+    }
+}
+
+include _Iter in MapIter 
+
+construct ReduceIter {
+    origin
+    accumulator
+    reduce-function
+    ;
+    construct { this | with reduce-function origin this ;
+        origin this:=origin
+        reduce-function this:=reduce-function
+        this
+    }
+    next { any | with this ;
+        def itm 
+        this:origin:next dup null eq if {
+            2 stop
+        } =itm
+        this:accumulator null eq if {
+            itm dup this:=accumulator
+            null 2 stop
+        }
+        this:accumulator itm this:reduce-function call dup this:=accumulator
+    }
+    calculate { any | with this ;
+        { | pop } this:foreach
+        this:accumulator
+    }
+}
+
+include _Iter in ReduceIter
+
+construct FoldIter {
+    origin
+    accumulator
+    reduce-function
+    ;
+    construct { this | with accumulator fold-function origin this ;
+        accumulator this:=accumulator
+        origin this:=origin
+        fold-function this:=fold-function
+        this
+    }
+    next { any | with this ;
+        def itm 
+        this:origin:next dup null eq if {
+            2 stop
+        } =itm
+        this:accumulator itm this:fold-function call dup this:=accumulator
+    }
+}
+
+include _Iter in FoldIter
+
+construct FilterIter {
+    origin 
+    filter
+    ;
+    construct { this | with filter origin this ;
+        origin this:=origin
+        filter this:=filter
+        this
+    }
+    next { any | with this ;
+        while { 1 } {
+            def next this:origin:next =next 
+            next null eq if {
+                null
+                3 stop
+            }
+            next this:filter call if { 
+                next 3 stop
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+include _Iter in FilterIter
+
+construct ChainIter {
+    current
+    next-iters
+    ;
+    construct { this | with other origin this ;
+        [ other ] List:new this:=next-iters
+        origin this:=current
+        this
+    }
+    next { any | with this ;
+        def item this:current:next =item
+        while { item null eq } {
+            this:next-iters:pop-front dup null eq not if {
+                this:=current
+                this:current:next =item
+            } 2 stop
+        }
+        item
+    }
+    chain { this | with other this ;
+        other this:next-iters:push
+    }
+}
+
+include _Iter in ChainIter
+
+construct EnumerationIter {
+    origin
+    idx
+    ;
+    construct { this | with origin this ;
+        origin this:=origin
+        this
+    }
+    next { [mega,any]|null | with this ;
+        this:origin:next dup null eq not if {
+            [ swap this:idx swap ]
+            this:idx ++ this:=idx
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+include _Iter in EnumerationIter

src/dyn_fns.rs

@@ -190,7 +190,6 @@ pub fn dyn_read(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
     let Value::Str(s) = stack.pop().lock_ro().native.clone() else {
         return stack.err(ErrorKind::InvalidCall("dyn-read".to_owned()))
     };
-    let origin = stack.peek_frame(1);
     stack.push(
         Value::Func(AFunc::new(Func {
             ret_count: 0,
@@ -199,7 +198,7 @@ pub fn dyn_read(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
                 stack: stack.trace(),
             })?),
             run_at_base: false,
-            origin,
+            origin: stack.get_frame(),
             fname: None,
             name: "(dyn-read)".to_owned(),
         }))
@@ -218,7 +217,6 @@ pub fn dyn_readf(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
     ) else {
         return stack.err(ErrorKind::InvalidCall("dyn-readf".to_owned()))
     };
-    let origin = stack.peek_frame(1);
     stack.push(
         Value::Func(AFunc::new(Func {
             ret_count: 0,
@@ -227,15 +225,26 @@ pub fn dyn_readf(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
                 stack: stack.trace(),
             })?),
             run_at_base: true,
-            origin,
+            origin: stack.get_frame(),
             fname: Some(n),
-            name: "(dyn-read)".to_owned(),
+            name: "root".to_owned(),
         }))
         .spl(),
     );
     Ok(())
 }
 
+fn wrap(f: fn(&mut Stack) -> OError) -> impl Fn(&mut Stack) -> OError {
+    move |stack| {
+        unsafe {
+            let frame = stack.pop_frame(0);
+            let r = f(stack);
+            stack.push_frame(frame);
+            r
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 pub fn register(r: &mut Stack, o: Arc<Frame>) {
     type Fn = fn(&mut Stack) -> OError;
     let fns: [(&str, Fn, u32); 14] = [
@@ -259,7 +268,7 @@ pub fn register(r: &mut Stack, o: Arc<Frame>) {
             f.0.to_owned(),
             AFunc::new(Func {
                 ret_count: f.2,
-                to_call: FuncImpl::Native(f.1),
+                to_call: FuncImpl::NativeDyn(Arc::new(Box::new(wrap(f.1)))),
                 run_at_base: false,
                 origin: o.clone(),
                 fname: None,

src/lib.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,79 @@
 #![allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
 #![allow(clippy::len_without_is_empty)]
+
 pub mod dyn_fns;
 pub mod lexer;
 pub mod mutex;
 pub mod runtime;
 pub mod std_fns;
 pub mod stream;
+
+use std::fs;
+
+use lexer::lex;
+use runtime::*;
+
+pub fn start_file(path: &str) -> Result<Stack, Error> {
+    Runtime::new().set();
+    (start_file_in_runtime(path), Runtime::reset()).0
+}
+
+pub fn start_file_in_runtime(path: &str) -> Result<Stack, Error> {
+    let mut stack = Stack::new_in(FrameInfo {
+        file: "std.spl".to_owned(),
+        function: "root".to_owned(),
+    });
+    // import stdlib
+    let words =
+        lex(fs::read_to_string(find_in_splpath("std.spl")).unwrap()).map_err(|x| Error {
+            kind: ErrorKind::LexError(format!("{x:?}")),
+            stack: Vec::new(),
+        })?;
+    words.exec(&mut stack)?;
+
+    // run file
+    Words {
+        words: vec![
+            Word::Const(Value::Str(path.to_owned())),
+            Word::Call("call-main-on-file".to_owned(), false, 0),
+        ],
+    }
+    .exec(&mut stack)?;
+
+    Ok(stack)
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! require_on_stack {
+    ($name:tt, $type:tt, $stack:expr, $fn:literal) => {
+        let Value::$type($name) = $stack.pop().lock_ro().native.clone() else {
+            return $stack.err(ErrorKind::InvalidCall($fn.to_owned()))
+        };
+    };
+}
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! require_int_on_stack {
+    ($name:tt, $stack:expr, $fn:literal) => {
+        let Value::Int($name) = $stack.pop().lock_ro().native.clone().try_mega_to_int() else {
+            return $stack.err(ErrorKind::InvalidCall($fn.to_owned()))
+        };
+    };
+}
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! require_array_on_stack {
+    ($name:tt, $stack:expr, $fn:literal) => {
+        let _binding = $stack.pop();
+        let Value::Array(ref $name) = _binding.lock_ro().native else {
+            return $stack.err(ErrorKind::InvalidCall($fn.to_owned()))
+        };
+    };
+}
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! require_mut_array_on_stack {
+    ($name:tt, $stack:expr, $fn:literal) => {
+        let _binding = $stack.pop();
+        let Value::Array(ref mut $name) = _binding.lock().native else {
+            return $stack.err(ErrorKind::InvalidCall($fn.to_owned()))
+        };
+    };
+}

src/main.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,9 @@
-use spl::{lexer::lex, runtime::*};
+use spl::{runtime::*, start_file};
 
-use std::fs;
+use std::env::args;
 
-fn main() -> OError {
-    let rt = Runtime::new();
-    rt.set();
-    let mut stack = Stack::new_in(FrameInfo {
-        file: "std.spl".to_owned(),
-        function: "root".to_owned(),
-    });
-    let words = lex(fs::read_to_string("std.spl").unwrap()).map_err(|x| Error {
-        kind: ErrorKind::LexError(format!("{x:?}")),
-        stack: Vec::new(),
-    })?;
-    words.exec(&mut stack)?;
-    Runtime::reset();
-    Ok(())
+fn main() {
+    if let Err(x) = start_file(&args().nth(1).expect("no file provided to be started.")) {
+        println!("{x:?}");
+    }
 }

src/runtime.rs

@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 use core::panic;
-use std::mem;
-use std::sync::RwLockWriteGuard;
+use std::sync::{RwLockWriteGuard, RwLockReadGuard};
 use std::{
     cell::RefCell,
     collections::HashMap,
@@ -15,7 +14,8 @@ use std::{
     sync::Arc,
     vec,
 };
-use std::{collections::VecDeque, thread::panicking};
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::{env::var, mem, path::Path};
 
 pub type AMObject = Arc<Mut<Object>>;
 pub type AMType = Arc<Mut<Type>>;
@@ -26,7 +26,16 @@ thread_local! {
     static RUNTIME: RefCell<Option<Arc<Mut<Runtime>>>> = RefCell::new(None);
 }
 
-pub fn runtime<T>(f: impl FnOnce(RwLockWriteGuard<Runtime>) -> T) -> T {
+pub fn runtime<T>(f: impl FnOnce(RwLockReadGuard<Runtime>) -> T) -> T {
+    RUNTIME.with(|rt| {
+        f(rt.borrow_mut()
+            .as_mut()
+            .expect("no runtime (use .set())")
+            .lock_ro())
+    })
+}
+
+pub fn runtime_mut<T>(f: impl FnOnce(RwLockWriteGuard<Runtime>) -> T) -> T {
     RUNTIME.with(|rt| {
         f(rt.borrow_mut()
             .as_mut()
@@ -171,7 +180,13 @@ impl Display for Frame {
             std::fmt::Display::fmt(&object.lock_ro(), f)?;
             f.write_str("\n")?;
         }
+        f.write_str("\nFuncs: \n")?;
+        for (name, ..) in self.functions.lock_ro().iter() {
+            f.write_str("  ")?;
+            f.write_str(name)?;
             f.write_str("\n")?;
+        }
+        f.write_str("\n\n")?;
         Ok(())
     }
 }
@@ -399,9 +414,9 @@ impl Stack {
             Frame::new(func.origin.clone(), func.name.clone())
         };
         self.frames.push(Arc::new(f));
-        func.to_call.call(self)?;
+        let r = func.to_call.call(self);
         self.frames.pop().unwrap();
-        Ok(())
+        r
     }
 
     pub fn get_func(&self, name: String) -> Result<AFunc, Error> {
@@ -558,9 +573,9 @@ pub enum Keyword {
     /// <none>
     ///
     /// Dumps stack. Not available as actual keyword, therefore only obtainable through AST
-    /// manipulation or modding. When using dyn variant, it must be enabled in the main function.
+    /// manipulation, a dyn call, or modding.
     /// equivalent to dyn-__dump
-    /// example: func main { int | dyn-__dump-check "Hello, world!" dyn-__dump 0 }
+    /// example: func main { int | "Hello, world!" dyn-__dump pop 0 }
     Dump,
     /// def <name>
     ///
@@ -816,7 +831,7 @@ impl PartialEq for Object {
 impl PartialOrd for Object {
     fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
         if self.kind != other.kind {
-            panic!();
+            return None;
         }
         self.native.partial_cmp(&other.native)
     }
@@ -903,6 +918,18 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+pub fn find_in_splpath(path: &str) -> String {
+    if Path::new(path).exists() {
+        return path.to_owned();
+    }
+    let s = var("SPL_PATH").unwrap_or("/usr/lib/spl".to_owned()) + "/" + path;
+    if Path::new(&s).exists() {
+        s
+    } else {
+        path.to_owned()
+    }
+}
+
 impl Words {
     pub fn exec(&self, stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
         for word in self.words.clone() {
@@ -927,7 +954,7 @@ impl Words {
                         stack.set_var(
                             name.clone(),
                             Value::Str(
-                                runtime(move |mut rt| {
+                                runtime_mut(move |mut rt| {
                                     rt.make_type(name.clone(), move |mut t| {
                                         for field in fields {
                                             t.add_property(field, origin.clone())?;
@@ -1113,18 +1140,11 @@ pub struct Error {
 
 impl Debug for Error {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        if panicking() {
         f.write_str("\n\nSPL PANIC DUE TO UNCAUGHT ERROR:\n")?;
         f.write_str(format!("Error: {:?}", self.kind).as_str())?;
         f.write_str("\n")?;
         f.write_str(self.stack.join("\n").as_str())?;
         f.write_str("\n\n")?;
         Ok(())
-        } else {
-            f.debug_struct("Error")
-                .field("kind", &self.kind)
-                .field("stack", &self.stack)
-                .finish()
-        }
     }
 }

src/std_fns.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 use std::{
     collections::VecDeque,
-    env::{args, var, vars},
+    env::{args, vars},
     fs,
     io::{stdin, stdout, Write},
-    mem, process,
+    mem,
+    process::{self, Stdio},
     sync::Arc,
 };
 
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ pub fn plus(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
     stack.push(
         match (a, b) {
             (Value::Mega(a), Value::Mega(b)) => Value::Mega(a + b),
-            x => todo!("{x:?}"),
+            x => stack.err(ErrorKind::InvalidCall("plus".to_owned()))?,
         }
         .spl(),
     );
@@ -430,7 +431,7 @@ pub fn callp(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
     stack.call(&a)?;
     for _ in 0..a.ret_count {
         stack.pop();
-    };
+    }
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -487,7 +488,9 @@ pub fn exec(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
     };
     unsafe {
         let f = stack.pop_frame(0);
+        let f1 = stack.pop_frame(0);
         a.to_call.call(stack)?;
+        stack.push_frame(f1);
         stack.push_frame(f);
     }
     Ok(())
@@ -500,7 +503,9 @@ pub fn exec2(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
     unsafe {
         let f = stack.pop_frame(0);
         let f1 = stack.pop_frame(0);
+        let f2 = stack.pop_frame(0);
         a.to_call.call(stack)?;
+        stack.push_frame(f2);
         stack.push_frame(f1);
         stack.push_frame(f);
     }
@@ -555,15 +560,15 @@ pub fn alit_end(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
 
 pub fn import(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
     let Value::Str(mut s) = stack.pop().lock_ro().native.clone() else {
-        return stack.err(ErrorKind::InvalidCall("include".to_owned()))
+        return stack.err(ErrorKind::InvalidCall("import".to_owned()))
     };
     if let Some(x) = s.strip_prefix('#') {
-        s = var("SPL_PATH").unwrap_or("/usr/lib/spl".to_owned()) + "/" + x;
+        s = find_in_splpath(x);
     } else if let Some(x) = s.strip_prefix('@') {
         s = x.to_owned();
     } else {
         s = stack
-            .get_frame()
+            .peek_frame(1)
             .origin
             .file
             .rsplit_once('/')
@@ -600,9 +605,66 @@ pub fn readln(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+pub fn command(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
+    let binding = stack.pop();
+    let Value::Array(ref a) = binding.lock_ro().native else {
+        return stack.err(ErrorKind::InvalidCall("command".to_owned()))
+    };
+    let mut args = Vec::new();
+    for item in a.into_iter() {
+        if let Value::Str(ref s) = item.lock_ro().native {
+            args.push(s.to_owned());
+        }
+    }
+    if args.len() < 1 {
+        return stack.err(ErrorKind::InvalidCall("command".to_owned()));
+    }
+    process::Command::new(args[0].to_owned())
+        .args(&args[1..])
+        .stdin(Stdio::inherit())
+        .stdout(Stdio::inherit())
+        .stderr(Stdio::inherit())
+        .spawn()
+        .map_err(|x| stack.error(ErrorKind::IO(x.to_string())))?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn command_wait(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
+    let binding = stack.pop();
+    let Value::Array(ref a) = binding.lock_ro().native else {
+        return stack.err(ErrorKind::InvalidCall("command".to_owned()))
+    };
+    let mut args = Vec::new();
+    for item in a.into_iter() {
+        if let Value::Str(ref s) = item.lock_ro().native {
+            args.push(s.to_owned());
+        }
+    }
+    if args.len() < 1 {
+        return stack.err(ErrorKind::InvalidCall("command".to_owned()));
+    }
+    stack.push(
+        Value::Int(
+            process::Command::new(args[0].to_owned())
+                .args(&args[1..])
+                .stdin(Stdio::inherit())
+                .stdout(Stdio::inherit())
+                .stderr(Stdio::inherit())
+                .spawn()
+                .map_err(|x| stack.error(ErrorKind::IO(x.to_string())))?
+                .wait()
+                .map_err(|x| stack.error(ErrorKind::IO(x.to_string())))?
+                .code()
+                .unwrap_or(-1),
+        )
+        .spl(),
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 pub fn register(r: &mut Stack, o: Arc<Frame>) {
     type Fn = fn(&mut Stack) -> OError;
-    let fns: [(&str, Fn, u32); 44] = [
+    let fns: [(&str, Fn, u32); 46] = [
         ("pop", pop, 0),
         ("dup", dup, 2),
         ("clone", clone, 1),
@@ -647,6 +709,8 @@ pub fn register(r: &mut Stack, o: Arc<Frame>) {
         ("alit-end", alit_end, 1),
         ("import", import, 0),
         ("readln", readln, 1),
+        ("command", command, 0),
+        ("command-wait", command_wait, 1),
     ];
     for f in fns {
         r.define_func(

src/stream.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,20 @@
-use std::{collections::HashMap, io::Read, io::Write, mem, sync::Arc};
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    fs::{OpenOptions, File},
+    io::Read,
+    io::Write,
+    mem,
+    net::{TcpStream, Shutdown},
+    sync::Arc,
+};
 
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 
-use crate::{mutex::Mut, runtime::*, type_err};
+use crate::{mutex::Mut, runtime::*, type_err, require_on_stack, require_int_on_stack, require_array_on_stack, require_mut_array_on_stack};
 
 static STREAM_TYPES: Lazy<Arc<Mut<HashMap<String, StreamType>>>> =
     Lazy::new(|| Arc::new(Mut::new(HashMap::new())));
+static IS_INITIALIZED: Lazy<Arc<Mut<bool>>> = Lazy::new(|| Arc::new(Mut::new(false)));
 
 pub fn register_stream_type(
     name: &str,
@@ -34,10 +43,11 @@ impl StreamType {
 pub struct Stream {
     reader: Box<dyn Read + 'static>,
     writer: Box<dyn Write + 'static>,
+    close: fn(&mut Self),
 }
 
 impl Stream {
-    pub fn new<T: Read + Write + 'static>(main: T) -> Self {
+    pub fn new<T: Read + Write + 'static>(main: T, close: fn(&mut Self)) -> Self {
         let mut rw = Box::new(main);
         Self {
             // SAFETY: Because these are both in private fields on one object, they can not be
@@ -45,12 +55,14 @@ impl Stream {
             // by the borrow checker on the Stream.
             reader: Box::new(unsafe { mem::transmute::<&mut _, &mut T>(rw.as_mut()) }),
             writer: rw,
+            close,
         }
     }
-    pub fn new_split(reader: impl Read + 'static, writer: impl Write + 'static) -> Self {
+    pub fn new_split(reader: impl Read + 'static, writer: impl Write + 'static, close: fn(&mut Self)) -> Self {
         Self {
             reader: Box::new(reader),
             writer: Box::new(writer),
+            close,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -111,30 +123,24 @@ where
 }
 
 pub fn new_stream(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
-    let Value::Str(s) = stack.pop().lock_ro().native.clone() else {
-        return stack.err(ErrorKind::InvalidCall("new-stream".to_owned()))
-    };
-    let stream = runtime(|mut rt| {
-        Ok(rt.register_stream(
-            get_stream_type(s.clone())
+    require_on_stack!(s, Str, stack, "write-stream");
+    let stream = get_stream_type(s.clone())
         .ok_or_else(|| {
             stack.error(ErrorKind::VariableNotFound(format!("__stream-type-{s}")))
         })?
-                .make_stream(stack)?,
+        .make_stream(stack)?;
+    let stream = runtime_mut(move |mut rt| {
+        Ok(rt.register_stream(
+                stream
         ))
     })?;
     stack.push(Value::Mega(stream.0 as i128).spl());
     Ok(())
 }
 
-pub fn write_to_stream(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
-    let binding = stack.pop();
-    let Value::Array(ref a) = binding.lock_ro().native else {
-        return stack.err(ErrorKind::InvalidCall("write-to-stream".to_owned()))
-    };
-    let Value::Mega(id) = stack.pop().lock_ro().native.clone() else {
-        return stack.err(ErrorKind::InvalidCall("write-to-stream".to_owned()))
-    };
+pub fn write_stream(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
+    require_on_stack!(id, Mega, stack, "write-stream");
+    require_array_on_stack!(a, stack, "write-stream");
     let stream = runtime(|rt| {
         rt.get_stream(id as u128)
             .ok_or_else(|| stack.error(ErrorKind::VariableNotFound(format!("__stream-{id}"))))
@@ -158,9 +164,132 @@ pub fn write_to_stream(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+pub fn write_all_stream(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
+    require_on_stack!(id, Mega, stack, "write-all-stream");
+    require_array_on_stack!(a, stack, "write-all-stream");
+    let stream = runtime(|rt| {
+        rt.get_stream(id as u128)
+            .ok_or_else(|| stack.error(ErrorKind::VariableNotFound(format!("__stream-{id}"))))
+    })?;
+    let mut fixed = Vec::with_capacity(a.len());
+    for item in a.iter() {
+        match item.lock_ro().native {
+            Value::Int(x) => fixed.push(x as u8),
+            _ => type_err!(stack, "!int", "int"),
+        }
+    }
+    stream
+        .lock()
+        .write_all(&fixed[..])
+        .map_err(|x| stack.error(ErrorKind::IO(format!("{x:?}"))))?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn read_stream(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
+    require_on_stack!(id, Mega, stack, "read-stream");
+    require_mut_array_on_stack!(a, stack, "read-stream");
+    let stream = runtime(|rt| {
+        rt.get_stream(id as u128)
+            .ok_or_else(|| stack.error(ErrorKind::VariableNotFound(format!("__stream-{id}"))))
+    })?;
+    let mut vec = vec![0; a.len()];
+    stack.push(
+        Value::Mega(
+            stream
+                .lock()
+                .read(&mut vec[..])
+                .map_err(|x| stack.error(ErrorKind::IO(format!("{x:?}"))))? as i128,
+        )
+        .spl(),
+    );
+    a.clone_from_slice(
+        &vec.into_iter()
+            .map(|x| Value::Int(x as i32).spl())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn read_all_stream(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
+    require_on_stack!(id, Mega, stack, "read-all-stream");
+    require_mut_array_on_stack!(a, stack, "read-all-stream");
+    let stream = runtime(|rt| {
+        rt.get_stream(id as u128)
+            .ok_or_else(|| stack.error(ErrorKind::VariableNotFound(format!("__stream-{id}"))))
+    })?;
+    let mut vec = vec![0; a.len()];
+    stream
+        .lock()
+        .read_exact(&mut vec[..])
+        .map_err(|x| stack.error(ErrorKind::IO(format!("{x:?}"))))?;
+    a.clone_from_slice(
+        &vec.into_iter()
+            .map(|x| Value::Int(x as i32).spl())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn close_stream(stack: &mut Stack) -> OError {
+    require_on_stack!(id, Mega, stack, "close-stream");
+    if let Some(stream) = runtime(|rt| {
+        rt.get_stream(id as u128)
+    }) {
+        let mut stream = stream.lock();
+        (stream.close)(&mut stream);
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn nop(_stream: &mut Stream) {} 
+
+fn stream_file(stack: &mut Stack) -> Result<Stream, Error> {
+    let truncate = stack.pop().lock_ro().is_truthy();
+    require_on_stack!(path, Str, stack, "FILE new-stream");
+    Ok(Stream::new(
+        OpenOptions::new()
+            .read(!truncate)
+            .write(true)
+            .create(truncate)
+            .truncate(truncate)
+            .open(path)
+            .map_err(|x| stack.error(ErrorKind::IO(x.to_string())))?,
+        nop
+    ))
+}
+
+fn stream_tcp(stack: &mut Stack) -> Result<Stream, Error> {
+    require_int_on_stack!(port, stack, "TCP new-stream");
+    require_on_stack!(ip, Str, stack, "TCP new-stream");
+    fn close_tcp(stream: &mut Stream) {
+        unsafe {
+            let f = ((stream.reader.as_mut() as *mut dyn Read).cast() as *mut TcpStream).as_mut().unwrap();
+            let _ = f.shutdown(Shutdown::Both);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(Stream::new(
+        TcpStream::connect((ip, port as u16))
+            .map_err(|x| stack.error(ErrorKind::IO(x.to_string())))?,
+        close_tcp
+    ))
+}
+
 pub fn register(r: &mut Stack, o: Arc<Frame>) {
+    if !*IS_INITIALIZED.lock_ro() {
+        register_stream_type("file", stream_file);
+        register_stream_type("tcp", stream_tcp);
+        *IS_INITIALIZED.lock() = true;
+    }
+
     type Fn = fn(&mut Stack) -> OError;
-    let fns: [(&str, Fn, u32); 1] = [("new-stream", new_stream, 1)];
+    let fns: [(&str, Fn, u32); 6] = [
+        ("new-stream", new_stream, 1),
+        ("write-stream", write_stream, 1),
+        ("write-all-stream", write_all_stream, 0),
+        ("read-stream", read_stream, 1),
+        ("read-all-stream", read_all_stream, 0),
+        ("close-stream", close_stream, 0),
+    ];
     for f in fns {
         r.define_func(
             f.0.to_owned(),

std.spl

@@ -12,11 +12,6 @@ func println { |
     null clone type settype "construct" dyn-objcall
 } "new" "str" dyn-def-method
 
-{ | with callable this ; 
-    def i 0 =i
-    while { i this:len lt } { i this:get callable call i ++ =i }
-} "foreach" "array" dyn-def-method
-
 construct _mega-ext {
     ;
     swap { .. | with this ;
@@ -24,7 +19,12 @@ construct _mega-ext {
         i -- mswap
     }
     mswap { .. | mswap }
+    foreach { | with this ;
+        def i 0 =i
+        while { i this lt } { i callable call i ++ =i }
+    }
 } include _mega-ext in mega
+
 construct _array-ext {
     ;
     get { any | array-get }
@@ -51,138 +51,24 @@ construct _array-ext {
         def i 0 =i
         while { i this:len lt } { i this:get callable call i ++ =i }
     }
+    0 { any | with this ;
+        0 this:get
+    }
+    1 { any | with this ;
+        1 this:get
+    }
+    2 { any | with this ;
+        2 this:get
+    }
+    3 { any | with this ;
+        3 this:get
+    }
+    4 { any | with this ;
+        4 this:get
+    }
 } include _array-ext in array
 
-construct _Iter {
-    ;
-    foreach { | with callable this ;
-        def itm
-        while { this:next dup =itm null eq not } {
-            itm callable call
-        }
-    }
-    collect { array | with this ;
-        [ { any | } this:foreach ]
-    }
-    map { MapIter | with map-function this ;
-        map-function this MapIter:new
-    }
-    reduce { ReduceIter | with reduce-function this ;
-        reduce-function this ReduceIter:new
-    }
-    fold { FoldIter | with accumulator fold-function this ;
-        accumulator fold-function this FoldIter:new
-    }
-    sum { mega | with this ; 
-        { mega | with accum item ;
-            accum item +
-        } this:reduce:calculate
-    }
-    product { mega | with this ; 
-        { mega | with accum item ;
-            accum item *
-        } this:reduce:calculate
-    }
-    filter { FilterIter | with filter this ;
-        filter this FilterIter:new
-    }
-}
-
-construct MapIter {
-    origin
-    map-function
-    ;
-    construct { this | with map-function origin this ;
-        origin this:=origin
-        map-function this:=map-function
-        this
-    }
-    next { any | with this ;
-        this:origin:next dup null eq if {
-            2 stop
-        }
-        this:map-function call
-    }
-}
-
-include _Iter in MapIter 
-
-construct ReduceIter {
-    origin
-    accumulator
-    reduce-function
-    ;
-    construct { this | with reduce-function origin this ;
-        origin this:=origin
-        reduce-function this:=reduce-function
-        this
-    }
-    next { any | with this ;
-        def itm 
-        this:origin:next dup null eq if {
-            2 stop
-        } =itm
-        this:accumulator null eq if {
-            itm dup this:=accumulator
-            2 stop
-        }
-        this:accumulator itm this:reduce-function call dup this:=accumulator
-    }
-    calculate { any | with this ;
-        { | pop } this:foreach
-        this:accumulator
-    }
-}
-
-include _Iter in ReduceIter
-
-construct FoldIter {
-    origin
-    accumulator
-    reduce-function
-    ;
-    construct { this | with accumulator fold-function origin this ;
-        accumulator this:=accumulator
-        origin this:=origin
-        fold-function this:=fold-function
-        this
-    }
-    next { any | with this ;
-        def itm 
-        this:origin:next dup null eq if {
-            2 stop
-        } =itm
-        this:accumulator itm this:fold-function call dup this:=accumulator
-    }
-}
-
-include _Iter in FoldIter
-
-construct FilterIter {
-    origin 
-    filter
-    ;
-    construct { this | with filter origin this ;
-        origin this:=origin
-        filter this:=filter
-        this
-    }
-    next { any | with this ;
-        while { 1 } {
-            def next this:origin:next =next 
-            next null eq if {
-                null
-                3 stop
-            }
-            next this:filter call if { 
-                next 3 stop
-            }
-        }
-        dyn-__dump
-    }
-}
-
-include _Iter in FilterIter
+"iter.spl" import
 
 construct List {
     array
@@ -215,11 +101,17 @@ construct _ShrinkingArray {
         0 this:remove
     }
     pop { any | with this ; 
+        this:array:len not if {
+            null 2 stop
+        }
         def item
         [ this:array:to-stack =item ] this:=array
         item
     }
     remove { any | with index this ;
+        this:array:len not if {
+            null 2 stop
+        }
         def item
         this:array:len index - =index
         [ this:array:to-stack index:mswap =item (index --):mswap ] this:=array
@@ -325,6 +217,7 @@ construct Range {
             itm
             2 stop
         } not if {
+            null
             2 stop
         }
     }
@@ -447,6 +340,12 @@ func -- { mega |
 
 func _ { | }
 
+func call-main-on-file { | with file ;
+    "@" file concat import 
+    update-types
+    argv main exit
+}
+
 func update-types { | 
     { | with type ;
         { self | } "unwrap" type dyn-def-method
@@ -461,6 +360,3 @@ func update-types { |
 }
 update-types
 
-1 argv:sget:unwrap import
-update-types 
-argv main exit

stream.spl

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+"The SPL stream is an IO construct used to read and write to ";
+"some external thing, for example a file or a TCP socket.";
+
+"All functions here are encapsulations of their native counterparts.";
+
+"Examples:";
+"def tcp 'localhost' 8080 StreamType:tcp:create =tcp";
+"def file 'test.txt' 1 StreamType:file:create =file 'hi':to-bytes file:write-exact; file:close null =file";
+
+construct Stream {
+    id 
+    ;
+    construct { this | with type this ;
+        type new-stream this:=id
+        this
+    }
+    read-one { mega | with this ;
+        def buf 1 anew =buf
+        while { buf this:id read-stream not } { }
+        0 buf:get _mega
+    }
+    "the buffer is written to in-place.";
+    read { mega [int] | with buf this ;
+        buf gettype "int" eq if { buf anew =buf }
+        buf this:id read-stream buf
+    }
+    "the buffer is written to in-place.";
+    read-exact { [int] | with buf this ;
+        buf gettype "int" eq if { buf anew =buf }
+        buf this:id read-all-stream buf
+    }
+    write { mega | with buf this ;
+        buf this:id write-stream
+    }
+    write-exact { | with buf this ;
+        buf this:id write-all-stream
+    }
+    close { | with this ;
+        this:id close-stream
+    }
+}
+
+construct StreamType {
+    id 
+    ;
+    construct { this | with id this ;
+        id this:=id
+        this
+    }
+    create { Stream | with this ;
+        this:id Stream:new
+    }
+}
+
+def stream-types 0 anew =stream-types
+
+construct _StreamType {
+    ;
+    construct { this | with this ;
+        { | with type ;
+            "type StreamType:new this:=<type>";
+            (type StreamType:new) (this ("=" type concat)) dyn-objcall
+        } stream-types:foreach
+        this
+    }
+}
+
+func register-stream-type { | with id ;
+    [ stream-types:to-stack id ] =stream-types
+    id _StreamType dyn-def-field
+}
+
+"tcp" register-stream-type
+"file" register-stream-type
+
+func StreamTypes { _StreamType |
+    _StreamType:new
+}

test.spl

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 
+"stream.spl" import
+
 func main { int | with args ;
     def thing
 
@@ -97,6 +99,14 @@ func main { int | with args ;
     argv:iter
         { str | " " concat } swap:map
         &print swap:foreach
+
+    "" println
+    "testing stream" println
+
+    def file "test.txt" 1 StreamTypes:file:create =file 
+    "hi" _array file:write-exact; 
+    file:close null =file
+    
     "" println
 
     100

test.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+hi