devirtualize service Data traits

Signed-off-by: Jason Volk <jason@zemos.net>

src/admin/query/account_data.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ pub(super) async fn account_data(subcommand: AccountData) -> Result<RoomMessageE
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
 			let results = services()
 				.account_data
-				.db
 				.changes_since(room_id.as_deref(), &user_id, since)?;
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();
 
@@ -30,7 +29,6 @@ pub(super) async fn account_data(subcommand: AccountData) -> Result<RoomMessageE
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
 			let results = services()
 				.account_data
-				.db
 				.get(room_id.as_deref(), &user_id, kind)?;
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();
 

src/service/account_data/data.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::Arc};
 
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::error::ErrorKind,
@@ -8,33 +8,25 @@ use ruma::{
 };
 use tracing::warn;
 
-use crate::{services, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
+use crate::{services, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, KvTree, Result};
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	/// Places one event in the account data of the user and removes the
-	/// previous entry.
-	fn update(
-		&self, room_id: Option<&RoomId>, user_id: &UserId, event_type: RoomAccountDataEventType,
-		data: &serde_json::Value,
-	) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Searches the account data for a specific kind.
-	fn get(
-		&self, room_id: Option<&RoomId>, user_id: &UserId, kind: RoomAccountDataEventType,
-	) -> Result<Option<Box<serde_json::value::RawValue>>>;
-
-	/// Returns all changes to the account data that happened after `since`.
-	fn changes_since(
-		&self, room_id: Option<&RoomId>, user_id: &UserId, since: u64,
-	) -> Result<HashMap<RoomAccountDataEventType, Raw<AnyEphemeralRoomEvent>>>;
+pub(super) struct Data {
+	roomuserdataid_accountdata: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	roomusertype_roomuserdataid: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			roomuserdataid_accountdata: db.roomuserdataid_accountdata.clone(),
+			roomusertype_roomuserdataid: db.roomusertype_roomuserdataid.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
 	/// Places one event in the account data of the user and removes the
 	/// previous entry.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id, user_id, event_type, data))]
-	fn update(
-		&self, room_id: Option<&RoomId>, user_id: &UserId, event_type: RoomAccountDataEventType,
+	pub(super) fn update(
+		&self, room_id: Option<&RoomId>, user_id: &UserId, event_type: &RoomAccountDataEventType,
 		data: &serde_json::Value,
 	) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut prefix = room_id
@@ -80,9 +72,8 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Searches the account data for a specific kind.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id, user_id, kind))]
-	fn get(
-		&self, room_id: Option<&RoomId>, user_id: &UserId, kind: RoomAccountDataEventType,
+	pub(super) fn get(
+		&self, room_id: Option<&RoomId>, user_id: &UserId, kind: &RoomAccountDataEventType,
 	) -> Result<Option<Box<serde_json::value::RawValue>>> {
 		let mut key = room_id
 			.map(ToString::to_string)
@@ -107,8 +98,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns all changes to the account data that happened after `since`.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id, user_id, since))]
-	fn changes_since(
+	pub(super) fn changes_since(
 		&self, room_id: Option<&RoomId>, user_id: &UserId, since: u64,
 	) -> Result<HashMap<RoomAccountDataEventType, Raw<AnyEphemeralRoomEvent>>> {
 		let mut userdata = HashMap::new();

src/service/account_data/mod.rs

@@ -2,40 +2,46 @@ mod data;
 
 use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::Arc};
 
-pub use data::Data;
+use conduit::{Result, Server};
+use data::Data;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
 use ruma::{
 	events::{AnyEphemeralRoomEvent, RoomAccountDataEventType},
 	serde::Raw,
 	RoomId, UserId,
 };
 
-use crate::Result;
-
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	db: Data,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	/// Places one event in the account data of the user and removes the
 	/// previous entry.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id, user_id, event_type, data))]
+	#[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
 	pub fn update(
 		&self, room_id: Option<&RoomId>, user_id: &UserId, event_type: RoomAccountDataEventType,
 		data: &serde_json::Value,
 	) -> Result<()> {
-		self.db.update(room_id, user_id, event_type, data)
+		self.db.update(room_id, user_id, &event_type, data)
 	}
 
 	/// Searches the account data for a specific kind.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id, user_id, event_type))]
+	#[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
 	pub fn get(
 		&self, room_id: Option<&RoomId>, user_id: &UserId, event_type: RoomAccountDataEventType,
 	) -> Result<Option<Box<serde_json::value::RawValue>>> {
-		self.db.get(room_id, user_id, event_type)
+		self.db.get(room_id, user_id, &event_type)
 	}
 
 	/// Returns all changes to the account data that happened after `since`.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id, user_id, since))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, name = "since")]
 	pub fn changes_since(
 		&self, room_id: Option<&RoomId>, user_id: &UserId, since: u64,
 	) -> Result<HashMap<RoomAccountDataEventType, Raw<AnyEphemeralRoomEvent>>> {

src/service/admin/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 pub mod console;
 mod create;
 mod grant;
@@ -44,17 +47,16 @@ pub struct Command {
 }
 
 impl Service {
-	#[must_use]
-	pub fn build() -> Arc<Self> {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, _db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
 		let (sender, receiver) = loole::bounded(COMMAND_QUEUE_LIMIT);
-		Arc::new(Self {
+		Ok(Arc::new(Self {
 			sender,
 			receiver: Mutex::new(receiver),
 			handler_join: Mutex::new(None),
 			handle: Mutex::new(None),
 			#[cfg(feature = "console")]
 			console: console::Console::new(),
-		})
+		}))
 	}
 
 	pub async fn start_handler(self: &Arc<Self>) {

src/service/appservice/data.rs

@@ -1,28 +1,23 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use database::KvTree;
 use ruma::api::appservice::Registration;
 
 use crate::{utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	/// Registers an appservice and returns the ID to the caller
-	fn register_appservice(&self, yaml: Registration) -> Result<String>;
-
-	/// Remove an appservice registration
-	///
-	/// # Arguments
-	///
-	/// * `service_name` - the name you send to register the service previously
-	fn unregister_appservice(&self, service_name: &str) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn get_registration(&self, id: &str) -> Result<Option<Registration>>;
-
-	fn iter_ids<'a>(&'a self) -> Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<String>> + 'a>>;
-
-	fn all(&self) -> Result<Vec<(String, Registration)>>;
+pub struct Data {
+	id_appserviceregistrations: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			id_appserviceregistrations: db.id_appserviceregistrations.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
 	/// Registers an appservice and returns the ID to the caller
-	fn register_appservice(&self, yaml: Registration) -> Result<String> {
+	pub(super) fn register_appservice(&self, yaml: Registration) -> Result<String> {
 		let id = yaml.id.as_str();
 		self.id_appserviceregistrations
 			.insert(id.as_bytes(), serde_yaml::to_string(&yaml).unwrap().as_bytes())?;
@@ -35,13 +30,13 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	/// # Arguments
 	///
 	/// * `service_name` - the name you send to register the service previously
-	fn unregister_appservice(&self, service_name: &str) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn unregister_appservice(&self, service_name: &str) -> Result<()> {
 		self.id_appserviceregistrations
 			.remove(service_name.as_bytes())?;
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn get_registration(&self, id: &str) -> Result<Option<Registration>> {
+	pub fn get_registration(&self, id: &str) -> Result<Option<Registration>> {
 		self.id_appserviceregistrations
 			.get(id.as_bytes())?
 			.map(|bytes| {
@@ -51,14 +46,14 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.transpose()
 	}
 
-	fn iter_ids<'a>(&'a self) -> Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<String>> + 'a>> {
+	pub(super) fn iter_ids<'a>(&'a self) -> Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<String>> + 'a>> {
 		Ok(Box::new(self.id_appserviceregistrations.iter().map(|(id, _)| {
 			utils::string_from_bytes(&id)
 				.map_err(|_| Error::bad_database("Invalid id bytes in id_appserviceregistrations."))
 		})))
 	}
 
-	fn all(&self) -> Result<Vec<(String, Registration)>> {
+	pub fn all(&self) -> Result<Vec<(String, Registration)>> {
 		self.iter_ids()?
 			.filter_map(Result::ok)
 			.map(move |id| {

src/service/appservice/mod.rs

@@ -113,13 +113,17 @@ impl TryFrom<Registration> for RegistrationInfo {
 }
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 	registration_info: RwLock<BTreeMap<String, RegistrationInfo>>,
 }
 
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 impl Service {
-	pub fn build(db: Arc<dyn Data>) -> Result<Self> {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
 		let mut registration_info = BTreeMap::new();
+		let db = Data::new(db);
 		// Inserting registrations into cache
 		for appservice in db.all()? {
 			registration_info.insert(

src/service/globals/data.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
-use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
+use std::{
+	collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap},
+	sync::Arc,
+};
 
-use async_trait::async_trait;
+use database::{Cork, KeyValueDatabase, KvTree};
 use futures_util::{stream::FuturesUnordered, StreamExt};
 use lru_cache::LruCache;
 use ruma::{
@@ -10,56 +13,60 @@ use ruma::{
 };
 use tracing::trace;
 
-use crate::{database::Cork, services, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
+use crate::{services, utils, Error, Result};
 
 const COUNTER: &[u8] = b"c";
 const LAST_CHECK_FOR_UPDATES_COUNT: &[u8] = b"u";
 
-#[async_trait]
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn next_count(&self) -> Result<u64>;
-	fn current_count(&self) -> Result<u64>;
-	fn last_check_for_updates_id(&self) -> Result<u64>;
-	fn update_check_for_updates_id(&self, id: u64) -> Result<()>;
-	#[allow(unused_qualifications)] // async traits
-	async fn watch(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId) -> Result<()>;
-	fn cleanup(&self) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn cork(&self) -> Cork;
-	fn cork_and_flush(&self) -> Cork;
-
-	fn memory_usage(&self) -> String;
-	fn clear_caches(&self, amount: u32);
-	fn load_keypair(&self) -> Result<Ed25519KeyPair>;
-	fn remove_keypair(&self) -> Result<()>;
-	fn add_signing_key(
-		&self, origin: &ServerName, new_keys: ServerSigningKeys,
-	) -> Result<BTreeMap<OwnedServerSigningKeyId, VerifyKey>>;
-
-	/// This returns an empty `Ok(BTreeMap<..>)` when there are no keys found
-	/// for the server.
-	fn signing_keys_for(&self, origin: &ServerName) -> Result<BTreeMap<OwnedServerSigningKeyId, VerifyKey>>;
-	fn database_version(&self) -> Result<u64>;
-	fn bump_database_version(&self, new_version: u64) -> Result<()>;
-	fn backup(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> { unimplemented!() }
-	fn backup_list(&self) -> Result<String> { Ok(String::new()) }
-	fn file_list(&self) -> Result<String> { Ok(String::new()) }
+pub struct Data {
+	global: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	todeviceid_events: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userroomid_joined: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userroomid_invitestate: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userroomid_leftstate: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userroomid_notificationcount: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userroomid_highlightcount: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	pduid_pdu: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	keychangeid_userid: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	roomusertype_roomuserdataid: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	server_signingkeys: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	readreceiptid_readreceipt: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userid_lastonetimekeyupdate: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	pub(super) db: Arc<KeyValueDatabase>,
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn next_count(&self) -> Result<u64> {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			global: db.global.clone(),
+			todeviceid_events: db.todeviceid_events.clone(),
+			userroomid_joined: db.userroomid_joined.clone(),
+			userroomid_invitestate: db.userroomid_invitestate.clone(),
+			userroomid_leftstate: db.userroomid_leftstate.clone(),
+			userroomid_notificationcount: db.userroomid_notificationcount.clone(),
+			userroomid_highlightcount: db.userroomid_highlightcount.clone(),
+			pduid_pdu: db.pduid_pdu.clone(),
+			keychangeid_userid: db.keychangeid_userid.clone(),
+			roomusertype_roomuserdataid: db.roomusertype_roomuserdataid.clone(),
+			server_signingkeys: db.server_signingkeys.clone(),
+			readreceiptid_readreceipt: db.readreceiptid_readreceipt.clone(),
+			userid_lastonetimekeyupdate: db.userid_lastonetimekeyupdate.clone(),
+			db: db.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn next_count(&self) -> Result<u64> {
 		utils::u64_from_bytes(&self.global.increment(COUNTER)?)
 			.map_err(|_| Error::bad_database("Count has invalid bytes."))
 	}
 
-	fn current_count(&self) -> Result<u64> {
+	pub fn current_count(&self) -> Result<u64> {
 		self.global.get(COUNTER)?.map_or(Ok(0_u64), |bytes| {
 			utils::u64_from_bytes(&bytes).map_err(|_| Error::bad_database("Count has invalid bytes."))
 		})
 	}
 
-	fn last_check_for_updates_id(&self) -> Result<u64> {
+	pub fn last_check_for_updates_id(&self) -> Result<u64> {
 		self.global
 			.get(LAST_CHECK_FOR_UPDATES_COUNT)?
 			.map_or(Ok(0_u64), |bytes| {
@@ -68,16 +75,15 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			})
 	}
 
-	fn update_check_for_updates_id(&self, id: u64) -> Result<()> {
+	pub fn update_check_for_updates_id(&self, id: u64) -> Result<()> {
 		self.global
 			.insert(LAST_CHECK_FOR_UPDATES_COUNT, &id.to_be_bytes())?;
 
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	#[allow(unused_qualifications)] // async traits
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	async fn watch(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId) -> Result<()> {
+	pub async fn watch(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId) -> Result<()> {
 		let userid_bytes = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		let mut userid_prefix = userid_bytes.clone();
 		userid_prefix.push(0xFF);
@@ -177,20 +183,20 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn cleanup(&self) -> Result<()> { self.db.cleanup() }
+	pub fn cleanup(&self) -> Result<()> { self.db.db.cleanup() }
 
-	fn cork(&self) -> Cork { Cork::new(&self.db, false, false) }
+	pub fn cork(&self) -> Cork { Cork::new(&self.db.db, false, false) }
 
-	fn cork_and_flush(&self) -> Cork { Cork::new(&self.db, true, false) }
+	pub fn cork_and_flush(&self) -> Cork { Cork::new(&self.db.db, true, false) }
 
-	fn memory_usage(&self) -> String {
-		let auth_chain_cache = self.auth_chain_cache.lock().unwrap().len();
-		let appservice_in_room_cache = self.appservice_in_room_cache.read().unwrap().len();
-		let lasttimelinecount_cache = self.lasttimelinecount_cache.lock().unwrap().len();
+	pub fn memory_usage(&self) -> String {
+		let auth_chain_cache = self.db.auth_chain_cache.lock().unwrap().len();
+		let appservice_in_room_cache = self.db.appservice_in_room_cache.read().unwrap().len();
+		let lasttimelinecount_cache = self.db.lasttimelinecount_cache.lock().unwrap().len();
 
-		let max_auth_chain_cache = self.auth_chain_cache.lock().unwrap().capacity();
-		let max_appservice_in_room_cache = self.appservice_in_room_cache.read().unwrap().capacity();
-		let max_lasttimelinecount_cache = self.lasttimelinecount_cache.lock().unwrap().capacity();
+		let max_auth_chain_cache = self.db.auth_chain_cache.lock().unwrap().capacity();
+		let max_appservice_in_room_cache = self.db.appservice_in_room_cache.read().unwrap().capacity();
+		let max_lasttimelinecount_cache = self.db.lasttimelinecount_cache.lock().unwrap().capacity();
 
 		format!(
 			"\
@@ -198,26 +204,26 @@ auth_chain_cache: {auth_chain_cache} / {max_auth_chain_cache}
 appservice_in_room_cache: {appservice_in_room_cache} / {max_appservice_in_room_cache}
 lasttimelinecount_cache: {lasttimelinecount_cache} / {max_lasttimelinecount_cache}\n\n
 {}",
-			self.db.memory_usage().unwrap_or_default()
+			self.db.db.memory_usage().unwrap_or_default()
 		)
 	}
 
-	fn clear_caches(&self, amount: u32) {
+	pub fn clear_caches(&self, amount: u32) {
 		if amount > 1 {
-			let c = &mut *self.auth_chain_cache.lock().unwrap();
+			let c = &mut *self.db.auth_chain_cache.lock().unwrap();
 			*c = LruCache::new(c.capacity());
 		}
 		if amount > 2 {
-			let c = &mut *self.appservice_in_room_cache.write().unwrap();
+			let c = &mut *self.db.appservice_in_room_cache.write().unwrap();
 			*c = HashMap::new();
 		}
 		if amount > 3 {
-			let c = &mut *self.lasttimelinecount_cache.lock().unwrap();
+			let c = &mut *self.db.lasttimelinecount_cache.lock().unwrap();
 			*c = HashMap::new();
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn load_keypair(&self) -> Result<Ed25519KeyPair> {
+	pub fn load_keypair(&self) -> Result<Ed25519KeyPair> {
 		let keypair_bytes = self.global.get(b"keypair")?.map_or_else(
 			|| {
 				let keypair = utils::generate_keypair();
@@ -249,9 +255,9 @@ lasttimelinecount_cache: {lasttimelinecount_cache} / {max_lasttimelinecount_cach
 		})
 	}
 
-	fn remove_keypair(&self) -> Result<()> { self.global.remove(b"keypair") }
+	pub fn remove_keypair(&self) -> Result<()> { self.global.remove(b"keypair") }
 
-	fn add_signing_key(
+	pub fn add_signing_key(
 		&self, origin: &ServerName, new_keys: ServerSigningKeys,
 	) -> Result<BTreeMap<OwnedServerSigningKeyId, VerifyKey>> {
 		// Not atomic, but this is not critical
@@ -290,8 +296,9 @@ lasttimelinecount_cache: {lasttimelinecount_cache} / {max_lasttimelinecount_cach
 
 	/// This returns an empty `Ok(BTreeMap<..>)` when there are no keys found
 	/// for the server.
-	fn signing_keys_for(&self, origin: &ServerName) -> Result<BTreeMap<OwnedServerSigningKeyId, VerifyKey>> {
+	pub fn signing_keys_for(&self, origin: &ServerName) -> Result<BTreeMap<OwnedServerSigningKeyId, VerifyKey>> {
 		let signingkeys = self
+			.db
 			.server_signingkeys
 			.get(origin.as_bytes())?
 			.and_then(|bytes| serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).ok())
@@ -308,20 +315,20 @@ lasttimelinecount_cache: {lasttimelinecount_cache} / {max_lasttimelinecount_cach
 		Ok(signingkeys)
 	}
 
-	fn database_version(&self) -> Result<u64> {
+	pub fn database_version(&self) -> Result<u64> {
 		self.global.get(b"version")?.map_or(Ok(0), |version| {
 			utils::u64_from_bytes(&version).map_err(|_| Error::bad_database("Database version id is invalid."))
 		})
 	}
 
-	fn bump_database_version(&self, new_version: u64) -> Result<()> {
+	pub fn bump_database_version(&self, new_version: u64) -> Result<()> {
 		self.global.insert(b"version", &new_version.to_be_bytes())?;
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn backup(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> { self.db.backup() }
+	pub fn backup(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> { self.db.db.backup() }
 
-	fn backup_list(&self) -> Result<String> { self.db.backup_list() }
+	pub fn backup_list(&self) -> Result<String> { self.db.db.backup_list() }
 
-	fn file_list(&self) -> Result<String> { self.db.file_list() }
+	pub fn file_list(&self) -> Result<String> { self.db.db.file_list() }
 }

src/service/globals/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+
 mod client;
 mod data;
 pub(super) mod emerg_access;
@@ -33,12 +35,12 @@ use tracing::{error, trace};
 use url::Url;
 use utils::MutexMap;
 
-use crate::{services, Config, Result};
+use crate::{services, Config, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
 
 type RateLimitState = (Instant, u32); // Time if last failed try, number of failed tries
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 
 	pub config: Config,
 	pub cidr_range_denylist: Vec<IPAddress>,
@@ -62,7 +64,9 @@ pub struct Service {
 }
 
 impl Service {
-	pub fn load(db: Arc<dyn Data>, config: &Config) -> Result<Self> {
+	pub fn build(server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		let config = &server.config;
+		let db = Data::new(db);
 		let keypair = db.load_keypair();
 
 		let keypair = match keypair {

src/service/key_backups/data.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc};
 
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{
@@ -9,48 +9,24 @@ use ruma::{
 	OwnedRoomId, RoomId, UserId,
 };
 
-use crate::{services, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
+use crate::{services, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, KvTree, Result};
 
-pub(crate) trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn create_backup(&self, user_id: &UserId, backup_metadata: &Raw<BackupAlgorithm>) -> Result<String>;
-
-	fn delete_backup(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn update_backup(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str, backup_metadata: &Raw<BackupAlgorithm>) -> Result<String>;
-
-	fn get_latest_backup_version(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<String>>;
-
-	fn get_latest_backup(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<(String, Raw<BackupAlgorithm>)>>;
-
-	fn get_backup(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<Option<Raw<BackupAlgorithm>>>;
-
-	fn add_key(
-		&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str, room_id: &RoomId, session_id: &str, key_data: &Raw<KeyBackupData>,
-	) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn count_keys(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<usize>;
-
-	fn get_etag(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<String>;
-
-	fn get_all(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<BTreeMap<OwnedRoomId, RoomKeyBackup>>;
-
-	fn get_room(
-		&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str, room_id: &RoomId,
-	) -> Result<BTreeMap<String, Raw<KeyBackupData>>>;
-
-	fn get_session(
-		&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str, room_id: &RoomId, session_id: &str,
-	) -> Result<Option<Raw<KeyBackupData>>>;
-
-	fn delete_all_keys(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn delete_room_keys(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn delete_room_key(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str, room_id: &RoomId, session_id: &str) -> Result<()>;
+pub(crate) struct Data {
+	backupid_algorithm: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	backupid_etag: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	backupkeyid_backup: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn create_backup(&self, user_id: &UserId, backup_metadata: &Raw<BackupAlgorithm>) -> Result<String> {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			backupid_algorithm: db.backupid_algorithm.clone(),
+			backupid_etag: db.backupid_etag.clone(),
+			backupkeyid_backup: db.backupkeyid_backup.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn create_backup(&self, user_id: &UserId, backup_metadata: &Raw<BackupAlgorithm>) -> Result<String> {
 		let version = services().globals.next_count()?.to_string();
 
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -66,7 +42,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(version)
 	}
 
-	fn delete_backup(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn delete_backup(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(version.as_bytes());
@@ -83,7 +59,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn update_backup(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str, backup_metadata: &Raw<BackupAlgorithm>) -> Result<String> {
+	pub(super) fn update_backup(
+		&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str, backup_metadata: &Raw<BackupAlgorithm>,
+	) -> Result<String> {
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(version.as_bytes());
@@ -99,7 +77,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(version.to_owned())
 	}
 
-	fn get_latest_backup_version(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<String>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_latest_backup_version(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<String>> {
 		let mut prefix = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 		let mut last_possible_key = prefix.clone();
@@ -120,7 +98,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.transpose()
 	}
 
-	fn get_latest_backup(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<(String, Raw<BackupAlgorithm>)>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_latest_backup(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<(String, Raw<BackupAlgorithm>)>> {
 		let mut prefix = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 		let mut last_possible_key = prefix.clone();
@@ -147,7 +125,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.transpose()
 	}
 
-	fn get_backup(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<Option<Raw<BackupAlgorithm>>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_backup(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<Option<Raw<BackupAlgorithm>>> {
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(version.as_bytes());
@@ -160,7 +138,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			})
 	}
 
-	fn add_key(
+	pub(super) fn add_key(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str, room_id: &RoomId, session_id: &str, key_data: &Raw<KeyBackupData>,
 	) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -185,7 +163,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn count_keys(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<usize> {
+	pub(super) fn count_keys(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<usize> {
 		let mut prefix = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 		prefix.extend_from_slice(version.as_bytes());
@@ -193,7 +171,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(self.backupkeyid_backup.scan_prefix(prefix).count())
 	}
 
-	fn get_etag(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<String> {
+	pub(super) fn get_etag(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<String> {
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(version.as_bytes());
@@ -208,7 +186,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		.to_string())
 	}
 
-	fn get_all(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<BTreeMap<OwnedRoomId, RoomKeyBackup>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_all(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<BTreeMap<OwnedRoomId, RoomKeyBackup>> {
 		let mut prefix = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 		prefix.extend_from_slice(version.as_bytes());
@@ -257,7 +235,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(rooms)
 	}
 
-	fn get_room(
+	pub(super) fn get_room(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str, room_id: &RoomId,
 	) -> Result<BTreeMap<String, Raw<KeyBackupData>>> {
 		let mut prefix = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -289,7 +267,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.collect())
 	}
 
-	fn get_session(
+	pub(super) fn get_session(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str, room_id: &RoomId, session_id: &str,
 	) -> Result<Option<Raw<KeyBackupData>>> {
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -309,7 +287,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.transpose()
 	}
 
-	fn delete_all_keys(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn delete_all_keys(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(version.as_bytes());
@@ -322,7 +300,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn delete_room_keys(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn delete_room_keys(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(version.as_bytes());
@@ -337,7 +315,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn delete_room_key(&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str, room_id: &RoomId, session_id: &str) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn delete_room_key(
+		&self, user_id: &UserId, version: &str, room_id: &RoomId, session_id: &str,
+	) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(version.as_bytes());

src/service/key_backups/mod.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,28 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+
 mod data;
 use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc};
 
+use conduit::Result;
 use data::Data;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::backup::{BackupAlgorithm, KeyBackupData, RoomKeyBackup},
 	serde::Raw,
 	OwnedRoomId, RoomId, UserId,
 };
 
-use crate::Result;
-
 pub struct Service {
-	pub(super) db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub(super) db: Data,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	pub fn create_backup(&self, user_id: &UserId, backup_metadata: &Raw<BackupAlgorithm>) -> Result<String> {
 		self.db.create_backup(user_id, backup_metadata)
 	}

src/service/media/data.rs

@@ -1,37 +1,28 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
 use conduit::debug_info;
+use database::{KeyValueDatabase, KvTree};
 use ruma::api::client::error::ErrorKind;
 use tracing::debug;
 
-use crate::{media::UrlPreviewData, utils::string_from_bytes, Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
+use crate::{media::UrlPreviewData, utils::string_from_bytes, Error, Result};
 
-pub(crate) trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn create_file_metadata(
-		&self, sender_user: Option<&str>, mxc: String, width: u32, height: u32, content_disposition: Option<&str>,
-		content_type: Option<&str>,
-	) -> Result<Vec<u8>>;
-
-	fn delete_file_mxc(&self, mxc: String) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Returns content_disposition, content_type and the metadata key.
-	fn search_file_metadata(
-		&self, mxc: String, width: u32, height: u32,
-	) -> Result<(Option<String>, Option<String>, Vec<u8>)>;
-
-	fn search_mxc_metadata_prefix(&self, mxc: String) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>>;
-
-	fn get_all_media_keys(&self) -> Vec<Vec<u8>>;
-
-	// TODO: use this
-	#[allow(dead_code)]
-	fn remove_url_preview(&self, url: &str) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn set_url_preview(&self, url: &str, data: &UrlPreviewData, timestamp: std::time::Duration) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn get_url_preview(&self, url: &str) -> Option<UrlPreviewData>;
+pub struct Data {
+	mediaid_file: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	mediaid_user: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	url_previews: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn create_file_metadata(
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			mediaid_file: db.mediaid_file.clone(),
+			mediaid_user: db.mediaid_user.clone(),
+			url_previews: db.url_previews.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn create_file_metadata(
 		&self, sender_user: Option<&str>, mxc: String, width: u32, height: u32, content_disposition: Option<&str>,
 		content_type: Option<&str>,
 	) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
@@ -65,7 +56,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(key)
 	}
 
-	fn delete_file_mxc(&self, mxc: String) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn delete_file_mxc(&self, mxc: String) -> Result<()> {
 		debug!("MXC URI: {:?}", mxc);
 
 		let mut prefix = mxc.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -91,7 +82,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Searches for all files with the given MXC
-	fn search_mxc_metadata_prefix(&self, mxc: String) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>> {
+	pub(super) fn search_mxc_metadata_prefix(&self, mxc: String) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>> {
 		debug!("MXC URI: {:?}", mxc);
 
 		let mut prefix = mxc.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -114,7 +105,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(keys)
 	}
 
-	fn search_file_metadata(
+	pub(super) fn search_file_metadata(
 		&self, mxc: String, width: u32, height: u32,
 	) -> Result<(Option<String>, Option<String>, Vec<u8>)> {
 		let mut prefix = mxc.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -156,11 +147,13 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Gets all the media keys in our database (this includes all the metadata
 	/// associated with it such as width, height, content-type, etc)
-	fn get_all_media_keys(&self) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> { self.mediaid_file.iter().map(|(key, _)| key).collect() }
+	pub(crate) fn get_all_media_keys(&self) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> { self.mediaid_file.iter().map(|(key, _)| key).collect() }
 
-	fn remove_url_preview(&self, url: &str) -> Result<()> { self.url_previews.remove(url.as_bytes()) }
+	pub(super) fn remove_url_preview(&self, url: &str) -> Result<()> { self.url_previews.remove(url.as_bytes()) }
 
-	fn set_url_preview(&self, url: &str, data: &UrlPreviewData, timestamp: std::time::Duration) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn set_url_preview(
+		&self, url: &str, data: &UrlPreviewData, timestamp: std::time::Duration,
+	) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut value = Vec::<u8>::new();
 		value.extend_from_slice(&timestamp.as_secs().to_be_bytes());
 		value.push(0xFF);
@@ -194,7 +187,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		self.url_previews.insert(url.as_bytes(), &value)
 	}
 
-	fn get_url_preview(&self, url: &str) -> Option<UrlPreviewData> {
+	pub(super) fn get_url_preview(&self, url: &str) -> Option<UrlPreviewData> {
 		let values = self.url_previews.get(url.as_bytes()).ok()??;
 
 		let mut values = values.split(|&b| b == 0xFF);

src/service/media/mod.rs

@@ -44,17 +44,17 @@ pub struct UrlPreviewData {
 
 pub struct Service {
 	server: Arc<Server>,
-	pub(super) db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 	pub url_preview_mutex: RwLock<HashMap<String, Arc<Mutex<()>>>>,
 }
 
 impl Service {
-	pub fn build(server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
-		Self {
+	pub fn build(server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
 			server: server.clone(),
-			db: db.clone(),
+			db: Data::new(db),
 			url_preview_mutex: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
-		}
+		})
 	}
 
 	/// Uploads a file.

src/service/mod.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ extern crate conduit_database as database;
 use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
 
 pub(crate) use conduit::{config, debug_error, debug_info, debug_warn, utils, Config, Error, PduCount, Result, Server};
-pub(crate) use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+pub(crate) use database::{KeyValueDatabase, KvTree};
 pub use globals::{server_is_ours, user_is_local};
 pub use pdu::PduEvent;
 pub use services::Services;

src/service/presence/data.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
 use conduit::debug_warn;
+use database::KvTree;
 use ruma::{events::presence::PresenceEvent, presence::PresenceState, OwnedUserId, UInt, UserId};
 
 use crate::{
@@ -8,26 +11,20 @@ use crate::{
 	Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result,
 };
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	/// Returns the latest presence event for the given user.
-	fn get_presence(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<(u64, PresenceEvent)>>;
-
-	/// Adds a presence event which will be saved until a new event replaces it.
-	fn set_presence(
-		&self, user_id: &UserId, presence_state: &PresenceState, currently_active: Option<bool>,
-		last_active_ago: Option<UInt>, status_msg: Option<String>,
-	) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Removes the presence record for the given user from the database.
-	fn remove_presence(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Returns the most recent presence updates that happened after the event
-	/// with id `since`.
-	fn presence_since<'a>(&'a self, since: u64) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (OwnedUserId, u64, Vec<u8>)> + 'a>;
+pub struct Data {
+	presenceid_presence: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userid_presenceid: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn get_presence(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<(u64, PresenceEvent)>> {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			presenceid_presence: db.presenceid_presence.clone(),
+			userid_presenceid: db.userid_presenceid.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn get_presence(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<(u64, PresenceEvent)>> {
 		if let Some(count_bytes) = self.userid_presenceid.get(user_id.as_bytes())? {
 			let count = utils::u64_from_bytes(&count_bytes)
 				.map_err(|_e| Error::bad_database("No 'count' bytes in presence key"))?;
@@ -44,7 +41,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn set_presence(
+	pub(super) fn set_presence(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, presence_state: &PresenceState, currently_active: Option<bool>,
 		last_active_ago: Option<UInt>, status_msg: Option<String>,
 	) -> Result<()> {
@@ -105,7 +102,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn remove_presence(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn remove_presence(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<()> {
 		if let Some(count_bytes) = self.userid_presenceid.get(user_id.as_bytes())? {
 			let count = utils::u64_from_bytes(&count_bytes)
 				.map_err(|_e| Error::bad_database("No 'count' bytes in presence key"))?;
@@ -117,7 +114,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn presence_since<'a>(&'a self, since: u64) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (OwnedUserId, u64, Vec<u8>)> + 'a> {
+	pub fn presence_since<'a>(&'a self, since: u64) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (OwnedUserId, u64, Vec<u8>)> + 'a> {
 		Box::new(
 			self.presenceid_presence
 				.iter()

src/service/presence/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+
 mod data;
 
 use std::{sync::Arc, time::Duration};
@@ -14,9 +16,10 @@ use tokio::{sync::Mutex, task::JoinHandle, time::sleep};
 use tracing::{debug, error};
 
 use crate::{
+	database::KeyValueDatabase,
 	services, user_is_local,
 	utils::{self},
-	Config, Error, Result,
+	Error, Result,
 };
 
 /// Represents data required to be kept in order to implement the presence
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ impl Presence {
 }
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 	pub timer_sender: loole::Sender<(OwnedUserId, Duration)>,
 	timer_receiver: Mutex<loole::Receiver<(OwnedUserId, Duration)>>,
 	handler_join: Mutex<Option<JoinHandle<()>>>,
@@ -85,15 +88,16 @@ pub struct Service {
 }
 
 impl Service {
-	pub fn build(db: Arc<dyn Data>, config: &Config) -> Arc<Self> {
+	pub fn build(server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
+		let config = &server.config;
 		let (timer_sender, timer_receiver) = loole::unbounded();
-		Arc::new(Self {
-			db,
+		Ok(Arc::new(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
 			timer_sender,
 			timer_receiver: Mutex::new(timer_receiver),
 			handler_join: Mutex::new(None),
 			timeout_remote_users: config.presence_timeout_remote_users,
-		})
+		}))
 	}
 
 	pub async fn start_handler(self: &Arc<Self>) {

src/service/pusher/data.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use database::{KeyValueDatabase, KvTree};
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::push::{set_pusher, Pusher},
 	UserId,
 };
 
-use crate::{utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
+use crate::{utils, Error, Result};
 
-pub(crate) trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn set_pusher(&self, sender: &UserId, pusher: set_pusher::v3::PusherAction) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn get_pusher(&self, sender: &UserId, pushkey: &str) -> Result<Option<Pusher>>;
-
-	fn get_pushers(&self, sender: &UserId) -> Result<Vec<Pusher>>;
-
-	fn get_pushkeys<'a>(&'a self, sender: &UserId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<String>> + 'a>;
+pub struct Data {
+	senderkey_pusher: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn set_pusher(&self, sender: &UserId, pusher: set_pusher::v3::PusherAction) -> Result<()> {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			senderkey_pusher: db.senderkey_pusher.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn set_pusher(&self, sender: &UserId, pusher: set_pusher::v3::PusherAction) -> Result<()> {
 		match &pusher {
 			set_pusher::v3::PusherAction::Post(data) => {
 				let mut key = sender.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn get_pusher(&self, sender: &UserId, pushkey: &str) -> Result<Option<Pusher>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_pusher(&self, sender: &UserId, pushkey: &str) -> Result<Option<Pusher>> {
 		let mut senderkey = sender.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		senderkey.push(0xFF);
 		senderkey.extend_from_slice(pushkey.as_bytes());
@@ -46,7 +49,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.transpose()
 	}
 
-	fn get_pushers(&self, sender: &UserId) -> Result<Vec<Pusher>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_pushers(&self, sender: &UserId) -> Result<Vec<Pusher>> {
 		let mut prefix = sender.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 
@@ -56,7 +59,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.collect()
 	}
 
-	fn get_pushkeys<'a>(&'a self, sender: &UserId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<String>> + 'a> {
+	pub(super) fn get_pushkeys<'a>(&'a self, sender: &UserId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<String>> + 'a> {
 		let mut prefix = sender.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 

src/service/pusher/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 use std::{fmt::Debug, mem, sync::Arc};
 
@@ -25,10 +28,16 @@ use tracing::{info, trace, warn};
 use crate::{debug_info, services, Error, PduEvent, Result};
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub(super) db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	pub fn set_pusher(&self, sender: &UserId, pusher: set_pusher::v3::PusherAction) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db.set_pusher(sender, pusher)
 	}

src/service/rooms/alias/data.rs

@@ -1,31 +1,26 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use database::KvTree;
 use ruma::{api::client::error::ErrorKind, OwnedRoomAliasId, OwnedRoomId, OwnedUserId, RoomAliasId, RoomId, UserId};
 
 use crate::{services, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	/// Creates or updates the alias to the given room id.
-	fn set_alias(&self, alias: &RoomAliasId, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Forgets about an alias. Returns an error if the alias did not exist.
-	fn remove_alias(&self, alias: &RoomAliasId) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Looks up the roomid for the given alias.
-	fn resolve_local_alias(&self, alias: &RoomAliasId) -> Result<Option<OwnedRoomId>>;
-
-	/// Finds the user who assigned the given alias to a room
-	fn who_created_alias(&self, alias: &RoomAliasId) -> Result<Option<OwnedUserId>>;
-
-	/// Returns all local aliases that point to the given room
-	fn local_aliases_for_room<'a>(
-		&'a self, room_id: &RoomId,
-	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomAliasId>> + 'a>;
-
-	/// Returns all local aliases on the server
-	fn all_local_aliases<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(OwnedRoomId, String)>> + 'a>;
+pub struct Data {
+	alias_userid: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	alias_roomid: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	aliasid_alias: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn set_alias(&self, alias: &RoomAliasId, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<()> {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			alias_userid: db.alias_userid.clone(),
+			alias_roomid: db.alias_roomid.clone(),
+			aliasid_alias: db.aliasid_alias.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn set_alias(&self, alias: &RoomAliasId, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<()> {
 		// Comes first as we don't want a stuck alias
 		self.alias_userid
 			.insert(alias.alias().as_bytes(), user_id.as_bytes())?;
@@ -41,7 +36,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn remove_alias(&self, alias: &RoomAliasId) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn remove_alias(&self, alias: &RoomAliasId) -> Result<()> {
 		if let Some(room_id) = self.alias_roomid.get(alias.alias().as_bytes())? {
 			let mut prefix = room_id;
 			prefix.push(0xFF);
@@ -60,7 +55,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn resolve_local_alias(&self, alias: &RoomAliasId) -> Result<Option<OwnedRoomId>> {
+	pub fn resolve_local_alias(&self, alias: &RoomAliasId) -> Result<Option<OwnedRoomId>> {
 		self.alias_roomid
 			.get(alias.alias().as_bytes())?
 			.map(|bytes| {
@@ -73,7 +68,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.transpose()
 	}
 
-	fn who_created_alias(&self, alias: &RoomAliasId) -> Result<Option<OwnedUserId>> {
+	pub(super) fn who_created_alias(&self, alias: &RoomAliasId) -> Result<Option<OwnedUserId>> {
 		self.alias_userid
 			.get(alias.alias().as_bytes())?
 			.map(|bytes| {
@@ -86,7 +81,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.transpose()
 	}
 
-	fn local_aliases_for_room<'a>(
+	pub fn local_aliases_for_room<'a>(
 		&'a self, room_id: &RoomId,
 	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomAliasId>> + 'a> {
 		let mut prefix = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -100,7 +95,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		}))
 	}
 
-	fn all_local_aliases<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(OwnedRoomId, String)>> + 'a> {
+	pub fn all_local_aliases<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(OwnedRoomId, String)>> + 'a> {
 		Box::new(
 			self.alias_roomid
 				.iter()

src/service/rooms/alias/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -15,10 +18,16 @@ use ruma::{
 use crate::{services, Error, Result};
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
 	pub fn set_alias(&self, alias: &RoomAliasId, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<()> {
 		if alias == services().globals.admin_alias && user_id != services().globals.server_user {

src/service/rooms/auth_chain/data.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,25 @@
 use std::{mem::size_of, sync::Arc};
 
+use database::KvTree;
+
 use crate::{utils, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn get_cached_eventid_authchain(&self, shorteventid: &[u64]) -> Result<Option<Arc<[u64]>>>;
-	fn cache_auth_chain(&self, shorteventid: Vec<u64>, auth_chain: Arc<[u64]>) -> Result<()>;
+pub(super) struct Data {
+	shorteventid_authchain: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	db: Arc<KeyValueDatabase>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn get_cached_eventid_authchain(&self, key: &[u64]) -> Result<Option<Arc<[u64]>>> {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			shorteventid_authchain: db.shorteventid_authchain.clone(),
+			db: db.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn get_cached_eventid_authchain(&self, key: &[u64]) -> Result<Option<Arc<[u64]>>> {
 		// Check RAM cache
-		if let Some(result) = self.auth_chain_cache.lock().unwrap().get_mut(key) {
+		if let Some(result) = self.db.auth_chain_cache.lock().unwrap().get_mut(key) {
 			return Ok(Some(Arc::clone(result)));
 		}
 
@@ -29,7 +38,8 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 			if let Some(chain) = chain {
 				// Cache in RAM
-				self.auth_chain_cache
+				self.db
+					.auth_chain_cache
 					.lock()
 					.unwrap()
 					.insert(vec![key[0]], Arc::clone(&chain));
@@ -41,7 +51,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(None)
 	}
 
-	fn cache_auth_chain(&self, key: Vec<u64>, auth_chain: Arc<[u64]>) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn cache_auth_chain(&self, key: Vec<u64>, auth_chain: Arc<[u64]>) -> Result<()> {
 		// Only persist single events in db
 		if key.len() == 1 {
 			self.shorteventid_authchain.insert(
@@ -54,7 +64,8 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		}
 
 		// Cache in RAM
-		self.auth_chain_cache
+		self.db
+			.auth_chain_cache
 			.lock()
 			.unwrap()
 			.insert(key, auth_chain);

src/service/rooms/auth_chain/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 use std::{
 	collections::{BTreeSet, HashSet},
@@ -11,10 +14,16 @@ use tracing::{debug, error, trace, warn};
 use crate::{services, Error, Result};
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	db: Data,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	pub async fn event_ids_iter<'a>(
 		&self, room_id: &RoomId, starting_events_: Vec<Arc<EventId>>,
 	) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Arc<EventId>> + 'a> {

src/service/rooms/directory/data.rs

@@ -1,31 +1,34 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use database::KvTree;
 use ruma::{OwnedRoomId, RoomId};
 
 use crate::{utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	/// Adds the room to the public room directory
-	fn set_public(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Removes the room from the public room directory.
-	fn set_not_public(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Returns true if the room is in the public room directory.
-	fn is_public_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool>;
-
-	/// Returns the unsorted public room directory
-	fn public_rooms<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + 'a>;
+pub(super) struct Data {
+	publicroomids: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn set_public(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> { self.publicroomids.insert(room_id.as_bytes(), &[]) }
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			publicroomids: db.publicroomids.clone(),
+		}
+	}
 
-	fn set_not_public(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> { self.publicroomids.remove(room_id.as_bytes()) }
+	pub(super) fn set_public(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
+		self.publicroomids.insert(room_id.as_bytes(), &[])
+	}
 
-	fn is_public_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
+	pub(super) fn set_not_public(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
+		self.publicroomids.remove(room_id.as_bytes())
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn is_public_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
 		Ok(self.publicroomids.get(room_id.as_bytes())?.is_some())
 	}
 
-	fn public_rooms<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + 'a> {
+	pub(super) fn public_rooms<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + 'a> {
 		Box::new(self.publicroomids.iter().map(|(bytes, _)| {
 			RoomId::parse(
 				utils::string_from_bytes(&bytes)

src/service/rooms/directory/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -8,10 +11,16 @@ use ruma::{OwnedRoomId, RoomId};
 use crate::Result;
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	db: Data,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
 	pub fn set_public(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> { self.db.set_public(room_id) }
 

src/service/rooms/event_handler/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod parse_incoming_pdu;
 mod signing_keys;
-pub struct Service;
 
 use std::{
 	cmp,
@@ -32,6 +34,8 @@ use tracing::{debug, error, info, trace, warn};
 use super::state_compressor::CompressedStateEvent;
 use crate::{debug_error, debug_info, pdu, services, Error, PduEvent, Result};
 
+pub struct Service;
+
 // We use some AsyncRecursiveType hacks here so we can call async funtion
 // recursively.
 type AsyncRecursiveType<'a, T> = Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = T> + 'a + Send>>;
@@ -41,6 +45,8 @@ type AsyncRecursiveCanonicalJsonResult<'a> =
 	AsyncRecursiveType<'a, Result<(Arc<PduEvent>, BTreeMap<String, CanonicalJsonValue>)>>;
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, _db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(Self {}) }
+
 	/// When receiving an event one needs to:
 	/// 0. Check the server is in the room
 	/// 1. Skip the PDU if we already know about it

src/service/rooms/lazy_loading/data.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use database::KvTree;
 use ruma::{DeviceId, RoomId, UserId};
 
 use crate::{KeyValueDatabase, Result};
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn lazy_load_was_sent_before(
-		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, room_id: &RoomId, ll_user: &UserId,
-	) -> Result<bool>;
-
-	fn lazy_load_confirm_delivery(
-		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, room_id: &RoomId,
-		confirmed_user_ids: &mut dyn Iterator<Item = &UserId>,
-	) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn lazy_load_reset(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()>;
+pub struct Data {
+	lazyloadedids: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn lazy_load_was_sent_before(
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			lazyloadedids: db.lazyloadedids.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn lazy_load_was_sent_before(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, room_id: &RoomId, ll_user: &UserId,
 	) -> Result<bool> {
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(self.lazyloadedids.get(&key)?.is_some())
 	}
 
-	fn lazy_load_confirm_delivery(
+	pub(super) fn lazy_load_confirm_delivery(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, room_id: &RoomId,
 		confirmed_user_ids: &mut dyn Iterator<Item = &UserId>,
 	) -> Result<()> {
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn lazy_load_reset(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn lazy_load_reset(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut prefix = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 		prefix.extend_from_slice(device_id.as_bytes());

src/service/rooms/lazy_loading/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 use std::{
 	collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
@@ -11,13 +14,20 @@ use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 use crate::{PduCount, Result};
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 
 	#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
 	pub lazy_load_waiting: Mutex<HashMap<(OwnedUserId, OwnedDeviceId, OwnedRoomId, PduCount), HashSet<OwnedUserId>>>,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+			lazy_load_waiting: Mutex::new(HashMap::new()),
+		})
+	}
+
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
 	pub fn lazy_load_was_sent_before(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, room_id: &RoomId, ll_user: &UserId,

src/service/rooms/metadata/data.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,29 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use database::KvTree;
 use ruma::{OwnedRoomId, RoomId};
 use tracing::error;
 
 use crate::{services, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn exists(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool>;
-	fn iter_ids<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + 'a>;
-	fn is_disabled(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool>;
-	fn disable_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId, disabled: bool) -> Result<()>;
-	fn is_banned(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool>;
-	fn ban_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId, banned: bool) -> Result<()>;
-	fn list_banned_rooms<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + 'a>;
+pub struct Data {
+	disabledroomids: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	bannedroomids: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	roomid_shortroomid: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	pduid_pdu: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn exists(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			disabledroomids: db.disabledroomids.clone(),
+			bannedroomids: db.bannedroomids.clone(),
+			roomid_shortroomid: db.roomid_shortroomid.clone(),
+			pduid_pdu: db.pduid_pdu.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn exists(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
 		let prefix = match services().rooms.short.get_shortroomid(room_id)? {
 			Some(b) => b.to_be_bytes().to_vec(),
 			None => return Ok(false),
@@ -29,7 +38,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.is_some())
 	}
 
-	fn iter_ids<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + 'a> {
+	pub(super) fn iter_ids<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + 'a> {
 		Box::new(self.roomid_shortroomid.iter().map(|(bytes, _)| {
 			RoomId::parse(
 				utils::string_from_bytes(&bytes)
@@ -39,11 +48,11 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		}))
 	}
 
-	fn is_disabled(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
+	pub(super) fn is_disabled(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
 		Ok(self.disabledroomids.get(room_id.as_bytes())?.is_some())
 	}
 
-	fn disable_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId, disabled: bool) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn disable_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId, disabled: bool) -> Result<()> {
 		if disabled {
 			self.disabledroomids.insert(room_id.as_bytes(), &[])?;
 		} else {
@@ -53,9 +62,11 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn is_banned(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> { Ok(self.bannedroomids.get(room_id.as_bytes())?.is_some()) }
+	pub(super) fn is_banned(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
+		Ok(self.bannedroomids.get(room_id.as_bytes())?.is_some())
+	}
 
-	fn ban_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId, banned: bool) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn ban_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId, banned: bool) -> Result<()> {
 		if banned {
 			self.bannedroomids.insert(room_id.as_bytes(), &[])?;
 		} else {
@@ -65,7 +76,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn list_banned_rooms<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + 'a> {
+	pub(super) fn list_banned_rooms<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + 'a> {
 		Box::new(self.bannedroomids.iter().map(
 			|(room_id_bytes, _ /* non-banned rooms should not be in this table */)| {
 				let room_id = utils::string_from_bytes(&room_id_bytes)

src/service/rooms/metadata/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -8,10 +11,16 @@ use ruma::{OwnedRoomId, RoomId};
 use crate::Result;
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	/// Checks if a room exists.
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
 	pub fn exists(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> { self.db.exists(room_id) }

src/service/rooms/outlier/data.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,22 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use database::KvTree;
 use ruma::{CanonicalJsonObject, EventId};
 
 use crate::{Error, KeyValueDatabase, PduEvent, Result};
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn get_outlier_pdu_json(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<CanonicalJsonObject>>;
-	fn get_outlier_pdu(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<PduEvent>>;
-	fn add_pdu_outlier(&self, event_id: &EventId, pdu: &CanonicalJsonObject) -> Result<()>;
+pub struct Data {
+	eventid_outlierpdu: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn get_outlier_pdu_json(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<CanonicalJsonObject>> {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			eventid_outlierpdu: db.eventid_outlierpdu.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn get_outlier_pdu_json(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<CanonicalJsonObject>> {
 		self.eventid_outlierpdu
 			.get(event_id.as_bytes())?
 			.map_or(Ok(None), |pdu| {
@@ -17,7 +24,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			})
 	}
 
-	fn get_outlier_pdu(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<PduEvent>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_outlier_pdu(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<PduEvent>> {
 		self.eventid_outlierpdu
 			.get(event_id.as_bytes())?
 			.map_or(Ok(None), |pdu| {
@@ -25,7 +32,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			})
 	}
 
-	fn add_pdu_outlier(&self, event_id: &EventId, pdu: &CanonicalJsonObject) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn add_pdu_outlier(&self, event_id: &EventId, pdu: &CanonicalJsonObject) -> Result<()> {
 		self.eventid_outlierpdu.insert(
 			event_id.as_bytes(),
 			&serde_json::to_vec(&pdu).expect("CanonicalJsonObject is valid"),

src/service/rooms/outlier/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -8,10 +11,16 @@ use ruma::{CanonicalJsonObject, EventId};
 use crate::{PduEvent, Result};
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	/// Returns the pdu from the outlier tree.
 	pub fn get_outlier_pdu_json(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<CanonicalJsonObject>> {
 		self.db.get_outlier_pdu_json(event_id)

src/service/rooms/pdu_metadata/data.rs

@@ -1,30 +1,33 @@
 use std::{mem::size_of, sync::Arc};
 
+use database::KvTree;
 use ruma::{EventId, RoomId, UserId};
 
 use crate::{services, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, PduCount, PduEvent, Result};
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn add_relation(&self, from: u64, to: u64) -> Result<()>;
-	#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
-	fn relations_until<'a>(
-		&'a self, user_id: &'a UserId, room_id: u64, target: u64, until: PduCount,
-	) -> Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(PduCount, PduEvent)>> + 'a>>;
-	fn mark_as_referenced(&self, room_id: &RoomId, event_ids: &[Arc<EventId>]) -> Result<()>;
-	fn is_event_referenced(&self, room_id: &RoomId, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<bool>;
-	fn mark_event_soft_failed(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<()>;
-	fn is_event_soft_failed(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<bool>;
+pub(super) struct Data {
+	tofrom_relation: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	referencedevents: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	softfailedeventids: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn add_relation(&self, from: u64, to: u64) -> Result<()> {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			tofrom_relation: db.tofrom_relation.clone(),
+			referencedevents: db.referencedevents.clone(),
+			softfailedeventids: db.softfailedeventids.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn add_relation(&self, from: u64, to: u64) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut key = to.to_be_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.extend_from_slice(&from.to_be_bytes());
 		self.tofrom_relation.insert(&key, &[])?;
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn relations_until<'a>(
+	pub(super) fn relations_until<'a>(
 		&'a self, user_id: &'a UserId, shortroomid: u64, target: u64, until: PduCount,
 	) -> Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(PduCount, PduEvent)>> + 'a>> {
 		let prefix = target.to_be_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		))
 	}
 
-	fn mark_as_referenced(&self, room_id: &RoomId, event_ids: &[Arc<EventId>]) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn mark_as_referenced(&self, room_id: &RoomId, event_ids: &[Arc<EventId>]) -> Result<()> {
 		for prev in event_ids {
 			let mut key = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 			key.extend_from_slice(prev.as_bytes());
@@ -73,17 +76,17 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn is_event_referenced(&self, room_id: &RoomId, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<bool> {
+	pub(super) fn is_event_referenced(&self, room_id: &RoomId, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<bool> {
 		let mut key = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.extend_from_slice(event_id.as_bytes());
 		Ok(self.referencedevents.get(&key)?.is_some())
 	}
 
-	fn mark_event_soft_failed(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn mark_event_soft_failed(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<()> {
 		self.softfailedeventids.insert(event_id.as_bytes(), &[])
 	}
 
-	fn is_event_soft_failed(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<bool> {
+	pub(super) fn is_event_soft_failed(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<bool> {
 		self.softfailedeventids
 			.get(event_id.as_bytes())
 			.map(|o| o.is_some())

src/service/rooms/pdu_metadata/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -13,7 +16,7 @@ use serde::Deserialize;
 use crate::{services, PduCount, PduEvent, Result};
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	db: Data,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
@@ -27,6 +30,12 @@ struct ExtractRelatesToEventId {
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, from, to))]
 	pub fn add_relation(&self, from: PduCount, to: PduCount) -> Result<()> {
 		match (from, to) {

src/service/rooms/read_receipt/data.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-use std::mem::size_of;
+use std::{mem::size_of, sync::Arc};
 
+use database::KvTree;
 use ruma::{
 	events::{receipt::ReceiptEvent, AnySyncEphemeralRoomEvent},
 	serde::Raw,
@@ -11,32 +12,22 @@ use crate::{services, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
 type AnySyncEphemeralRoomEventIter<'a> =
 	Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(OwnedUserId, u64, Raw<AnySyncEphemeralRoomEvent>)>> + 'a>;
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	/// Replaces the previous read receipt.
-	fn readreceipt_update(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, event: ReceiptEvent) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Returns an iterator over the most recent read_receipts in a room that
-	/// happened after the event with id `since`.
-	fn readreceipts_since(&self, room_id: &RoomId, since: u64) -> AnySyncEphemeralRoomEventIter<'_>;
-
-	/// Sets a private read marker at `count`.
-	fn private_read_set(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId, count: u64) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Returns the private read marker.
-	///
-	/// TODO: use this?
-	#[allow(dead_code)]
-	fn private_read_get(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<u64>>;
-
-	/// Returns the count of the last typing update in this room.
-	///
-	/// TODO: use this?
-	#[allow(dead_code)]
-	fn last_privateread_update(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<u64>;
+pub(super) struct Data {
+	roomuserid_privateread: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	roomuserid_lastprivatereadupdate: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	readreceiptid_readreceipt: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn readreceipt_update(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, event: ReceiptEvent) -> Result<()> {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			roomuserid_privateread: db.roomuserid_privateread.clone(),
+			roomuserid_lastprivatereadupdate: db.roomuserid_lastprivatereadupdate.clone(),
+			readreceiptid_readreceipt: db.readreceiptid_readreceipt.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn readreceipt_update(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, event: ReceiptEvent) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut prefix = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 
@@ -71,9 +62,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn readreceipts_since<'a>(
-		&'a self, room_id: &RoomId, since: u64,
-	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(OwnedUserId, u64, Raw<AnySyncEphemeralRoomEvent>)>> + 'a> {
+	pub(super) fn readreceipts_since<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId, since: u64) -> AnySyncEphemeralRoomEventIter<'a> {
 		let mut prefix = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 		let prefix2 = prefix.clone();
@@ -107,7 +96,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		)
 	}
 
-	fn private_read_set(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId, count: u64) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn private_read_set(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId, count: u64) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut key = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(user_id.as_bytes());
@@ -119,7 +108,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.insert(&key, &services().globals.next_count()?.to_be_bytes())
 	}
 
-	fn private_read_get(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
+	pub(super) fn private_read_get(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		let mut key = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(user_id.as_bytes());
@@ -133,7 +122,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			})
 	}
 
-	fn last_privateread_update(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<u64> {
+	pub(super) fn last_privateread_update(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<u64> {
 		let mut key = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(user_id.as_bytes());

src/service/rooms/read_receipt/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -8,10 +11,16 @@ use ruma::{events::receipt::ReceiptEvent, serde::Raw, OwnedUserId, RoomId, UserI
 use crate::{services, Result};
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	db: Data,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	/// Replaces the previous read receipt.
 	pub fn readreceipt_update(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, event: ReceiptEvent) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db.readreceipt_update(user_id, room_id, event)?;

src/service/rooms/search/data.rs

@@ -1,30 +1,24 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use database::KvTree;
 use ruma::RoomId;
 
 use crate::{services, utils, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
 
 type SearchPdusResult<'a> = Result<Option<(Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Vec<u8>> + 'a>, Vec<String>)>>;
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn index_pdu(&self, shortroomid: u64, pdu_id: &[u8], message_body: &str) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn deindex_pdu(&self, shortroomid: u64, pdu_id: &[u8], message_body: &str) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn search_pdus<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId, search_string: &str) -> SearchPdusResult<'a>;
+pub struct Data {
+	tokenids: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-/// Splits a string into tokens used as keys in the search inverted index
-///
-/// This may be used to tokenize both message bodies (for indexing) or search
-/// queries (for querying).
-fn tokenize(body: &str) -> impl Iterator<Item = String> + '_ {
-	body.split_terminator(|c: char| !c.is_alphanumeric())
-		.filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
-		.filter(|word| word.len() <= 50)
-		.map(str::to_lowercase)
-}
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			tokenids: db.tokenids.clone(),
+		}
+	}
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn index_pdu(&self, shortroomid: u64, pdu_id: &[u8], message_body: &str) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn index_pdu(&self, shortroomid: u64, pdu_id: &[u8], message_body: &str) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut batch = tokenize(message_body).map(|word| {
 			let mut key = shortroomid.to_be_bytes().to_vec();
 			key.extend_from_slice(word.as_bytes());
@@ -36,7 +30,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		self.tokenids.insert_batch(&mut batch)
 	}
 
-	fn deindex_pdu(&self, shortroomid: u64, pdu_id: &[u8], message_body: &str) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn deindex_pdu(&self, shortroomid: u64, pdu_id: &[u8], message_body: &str) -> Result<()> {
 		let batch = tokenize(message_body).map(|word| {
 			let mut key = shortroomid.to_be_bytes().to_vec();
 			key.extend_from_slice(word.as_bytes());
@@ -52,7 +46,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn search_pdus<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId, search_string: &str) -> SearchPdusResult<'a> {
+	pub(super) fn search_pdus<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId, search_string: &str) -> SearchPdusResult<'a> {
 		let prefix = services()
 			.rooms
 			.short
@@ -88,3 +82,14 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(Some((Box::new(common_elements), words)))
 	}
 }
+
+/// Splits a string into tokens used as keys in the search inverted index
+///
+/// This may be used to tokenize both message bodies (for indexing) or search
+/// queries (for querying).
+fn tokenize(body: &str) -> impl Iterator<Item = String> + '_ {
+	body.split_terminator(|c: char| !c.is_alphanumeric())
+		.filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+		.filter(|word| word.len() <= 50)
+		.map(str::to_lowercase)
+}

src/service/rooms/search/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -8,10 +11,16 @@ use ruma::RoomId;
 use crate::Result;
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
 	pub fn index_pdu(&self, shortroomid: u64, pdu_id: &[u8], message_body: &str) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db.index_pdu(shortroomid, pdu_id, message_body)

src/service/rooms/short/data.rs

@@ -1,33 +1,33 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use conduit::warn;
+use database::{KeyValueDatabase, KvTree};
 use ruma::{events::StateEventType, EventId, RoomId};
-use tracing::warn;
 
-use crate::{services, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
+use crate::{services, utils, Error, Result};
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn get_or_create_shorteventid(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<u64>;
-
-	fn multi_get_or_create_shorteventid(&self, event_id: &[&EventId]) -> Result<Vec<u64>>;
-
-	fn get_shortstatekey(&self, event_type: &StateEventType, state_key: &str) -> Result<Option<u64>>;
-
-	fn get_or_create_shortstatekey(&self, event_type: &StateEventType, state_key: &str) -> Result<u64>;
-
-	fn get_eventid_from_short(&self, shorteventid: u64) -> Result<Arc<EventId>>;
-
-	fn get_statekey_from_short(&self, shortstatekey: u64) -> Result<(StateEventType, String)>;
-
-	/// Returns (shortstatehash, already_existed)
-	fn get_or_create_shortstatehash(&self, state_hash: &[u8]) -> Result<(u64, bool)>;
-
-	fn get_shortroomid(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<u64>>;
-
-	fn get_or_create_shortroomid(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<u64>;
+pub(super) struct Data {
+	eventid_shorteventid: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	shorteventid_eventid: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	statekey_shortstatekey: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	shortstatekey_statekey: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	roomid_shortroomid: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	statehash_shortstatehash: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn get_or_create_shorteventid(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<u64> {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			eventid_shorteventid: db.eventid_shorteventid.clone(),
+			shorteventid_eventid: db.shorteventid_eventid.clone(),
+			statekey_shortstatekey: db.statekey_shortstatekey.clone(),
+			shortstatekey_statekey: db.shortstatekey_statekey.clone(),
+			roomid_shortroomid: db.roomid_shortroomid.clone(),
+			statehash_shortstatehash: db.statehash_shortstatehash.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn get_or_create_shorteventid(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<u64> {
 		let short = if let Some(shorteventid) = self.eventid_shorteventid.get(event_id.as_bytes())? {
 			utils::u64_from_bytes(&shorteventid).map_err(|_| Error::bad_database("Invalid shorteventid in db."))?
 		} else {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(short)
 	}
 
-	fn multi_get_or_create_shorteventid(&self, event_ids: &[&EventId]) -> Result<Vec<u64>> {
+	pub(super) fn multi_get_or_create_shorteventid(&self, event_ids: &[&EventId]) -> Result<Vec<u64>> {
 		let mut ret: Vec<u64> = Vec::with_capacity(event_ids.len());
 		let keys = event_ids
 			.iter()
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(ret)
 	}
 
-	fn get_shortstatekey(&self, event_type: &StateEventType, state_key: &str) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_shortstatekey(&self, event_type: &StateEventType, state_key: &str) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		let mut statekey_vec = event_type.to_string().as_bytes().to_vec();
 		statekey_vec.push(0xFF);
 		statekey_vec.extend_from_slice(state_key.as_bytes());
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(short)
 	}
 
-	fn get_or_create_shortstatekey(&self, event_type: &StateEventType, state_key: &str) -> Result<u64> {
+	pub(super) fn get_or_create_shortstatekey(&self, event_type: &StateEventType, state_key: &str) -> Result<u64> {
 		let mut statekey_vec = event_type.to_string().as_bytes().to_vec();
 		statekey_vec.push(0xFF);
 		statekey_vec.extend_from_slice(state_key.as_bytes());
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(short)
 	}
 
-	fn get_eventid_from_short(&self, shorteventid: u64) -> Result<Arc<EventId>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_eventid_from_short(&self, shorteventid: u64) -> Result<Arc<EventId>> {
 		let bytes = self
 			.shorteventid_eventid
 			.get(&shorteventid.to_be_bytes())?
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(event_id)
 	}
 
-	fn get_statekey_from_short(&self, shortstatekey: u64) -> Result<(StateEventType, String)> {
+	pub(super) fn get_statekey_from_short(&self, shortstatekey: u64) -> Result<(StateEventType, String)> {
 		let bytes = self
 			.shortstatekey_statekey
 			.get(&shortstatekey.to_be_bytes())?
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns (shortstatehash, already_existed)
-	fn get_or_create_shortstatehash(&self, state_hash: &[u8]) -> Result<(u64, bool)> {
+	pub(super) fn get_or_create_shortstatehash(&self, state_hash: &[u8]) -> Result<(u64, bool)> {
 		Ok(if let Some(shortstatehash) = self.statehash_shortstatehash.get(state_hash)? {
 			(
 				utils::u64_from_bytes(&shortstatehash)
@@ -165,14 +165,14 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		})
 	}
 
-	fn get_shortroomid(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_shortroomid(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		self.roomid_shortroomid
 			.get(room_id.as_bytes())?
 			.map(|bytes| utils::u64_from_bytes(&bytes).map_err(|_| Error::bad_database("Invalid shortroomid in db.")))
 			.transpose()
 	}
 
-	fn get_or_create_shortroomid(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<u64> {
+	pub(super) fn get_or_create_shortroomid(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<u64> {
 		Ok(if let Some(short) = self.roomid_shortroomid.get(room_id.as_bytes())? {
 			utils::u64_from_bytes(&short).map_err(|_| Error::bad_database("Invalid shortroomid in db."))?
 		} else {

src/service/rooms/short/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -7,10 +10,16 @@ use ruma::{events::StateEventType, EventId, RoomId};
 use crate::Result;
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	db: Data,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	pub fn get_or_create_shorteventid(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<u64> {
 		self.db.get_or_create_shorteventid(event_id)
 	}

src/service/rooms/spaces/mod.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 use std::{
 	fmt::{Display, Formatter},
 	str::FromStr,
+	sync::Arc,
 };
 
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
 use lru_cache::LruCache;
 use ruma::{
 	api::{
@@ -330,6 +333,16 @@ impl From<CachedSpaceHierarchySummary> for SpaceHierarchyRoomsChunk {
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(server: &Arc<Server>, _db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		let config = &server.config;
+		Ok(Self {
+			roomid_spacehierarchy_cache: Mutex::new(LruCache::new(
+				(f64::from(config.roomid_spacehierarchy_cache_capacity) * config.conduit_cache_capacity_modifier)
+					as usize,
+			)),
+		})
+	}
+
 	///Gets the response for the space hierarchy over federation request
 	///
 	///Panics if the room does not exist, so a check if the room exists should

src/service/rooms/state/data.rs

@@ -1,39 +1,27 @@
 use std::{collections::HashSet, sync::Arc};
 
 use conduit::utils::mutex_map;
+use database::KvTree;
 use ruma::{EventId, OwnedEventId, RoomId};
 
 use crate::{utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	/// Returns the last state hash key added to the db for the given room.
-	fn get_room_shortstatehash(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<u64>>;
-
-	/// Set the state hash to a new version, but does not update `state_cache`.
-	fn set_room_state(
-		&self,
-		room_id: &RoomId,
-		new_shortstatehash: u64,
-		_mutex_lock: &mutex_map::Guard<()>, // Take mutex guard to make sure users get the room state mutex
-	) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Associates a state with an event.
-	fn set_event_state(&self, shorteventid: u64, shortstatehash: u64) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Returns all events we would send as the `prev_events` of the next event.
-	fn get_forward_extremities(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<HashSet<Arc<EventId>>>;
-
-	/// Replace the forward extremities of the room.
-	fn set_forward_extremities(
-		&self,
-		room_id: &RoomId,
-		event_ids: Vec<OwnedEventId>,
-		_mutex_lock: &mutex_map::Guard<()>, // Take mutex guard to make sure users get the room state mutex
-	) -> Result<()>;
+pub struct Data {
+	shorteventid_shortstatehash: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	roomid_pduleaves: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	roomid_shortstatehash: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn get_room_shortstatehash(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			shorteventid_shortstatehash: db.shorteventid_shortstatehash.clone(),
+			roomid_pduleaves: db.roomid_pduleaves.clone(),
+			roomid_shortstatehash: db.roomid_shortstatehash.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn get_room_shortstatehash(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		self.roomid_shortstatehash
 			.get(room_id.as_bytes())?
 			.map_or(Ok(None), |bytes| {
@@ -43,7 +31,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			})
 	}
 
-	fn set_room_state(
+	pub(super) fn set_room_state(
 		&self,
 		room_id: &RoomId,
 		new_shortstatehash: u64,
@@ -54,13 +42,13 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn set_event_state(&self, shorteventid: u64, shortstatehash: u64) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn set_event_state(&self, shorteventid: u64, shortstatehash: u64) -> Result<()> {
 		self.shorteventid_shortstatehash
 			.insert(&shorteventid.to_be_bytes(), &shortstatehash.to_be_bytes())?;
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn get_forward_extremities(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<HashSet<Arc<EventId>>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_forward_extremities(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<HashSet<Arc<EventId>>> {
 		let mut prefix = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 
@@ -76,7 +64,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.collect()
 	}
 
-	fn set_forward_extremities(
+	pub(super) fn set_forward_extremities(
 		&self,
 		room_id: &RoomId,
 		event_ids: Vec<OwnedEventId>,

src/service/rooms/state/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 use std::{
 	collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
@@ -22,10 +25,16 @@ use super::state_compressor::CompressedStateEvent;
 use crate::{services, utils::calculate_hash, Error, PduEvent, Result};
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	/// Set the room to the given statehash and update caches.
 	pub async fn force_state(
 		&self,

src/service/rooms/state_accessor/data.rs

@@ -1,56 +1,25 @@
 use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::Arc};
 
-use async_trait::async_trait;
+use database::KvTree;
 use ruma::{events::StateEventType, EventId, RoomId};
 
 use crate::{services, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, PduEvent, Result};
 
-#[async_trait]
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	/// Builds a StateMap by iterating over all keys that start
-	/// with state_hash, this gives the full state for the given state_hash.
-	#[allow(unused_qualifications)] // async traits
-	async fn state_full_ids(&self, shortstatehash: u64) -> Result<HashMap<u64, Arc<EventId>>>;
-
-	#[allow(unused_qualifications)] // async traits
-	async fn state_full(&self, shortstatehash: u64) -> Result<HashMap<(StateEventType, String), Arc<PduEvent>>>;
-
-	/// Returns a single PDU from `room_id` with key (`event_type`,
-	/// `state_key`).
-	fn state_get_id(
-		&self, shortstatehash: u64, event_type: &StateEventType, state_key: &str,
-	) -> Result<Option<Arc<EventId>>>;
-
-	/// Returns a single PDU from `room_id` with key (`event_type`,
-	/// `state_key`).
-	fn state_get(
-		&self, shortstatehash: u64, event_type: &StateEventType, state_key: &str,
-	) -> Result<Option<Arc<PduEvent>>>;
-
-	/// Returns the state hash for this pdu.
-	fn pdu_shortstatehash(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<u64>>;
-
-	/// Returns the full room state.
-	#[allow(unused_qualifications)] // async traits
-	async fn room_state_full(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<HashMap<(StateEventType, String), Arc<PduEvent>>>;
-
-	/// Returns a single PDU from `room_id` with key (`event_type`,
-	/// `state_key`).
-	fn room_state_get_id(
-		&self, room_id: &RoomId, event_type: &StateEventType, state_key: &str,
-	) -> Result<Option<Arc<EventId>>>;
-
-	/// Returns a single PDU from `room_id` with key (`event_type`,
-	/// `state_key`).
-	fn room_state_get(
-		&self, room_id: &RoomId, event_type: &StateEventType, state_key: &str,
-	) -> Result<Option<Arc<PduEvent>>>;
+pub struct Data {
+	eventid_shorteventid: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	shorteventid_shortstatehash: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			eventid_shorteventid: db.eventid_shorteventid.clone(),
+			shorteventid_shortstatehash: db.shorteventid_shortstatehash.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
 	#[allow(unused_qualifications)] // async traits
-	async fn state_full_ids(&self, shortstatehash: u64) -> Result<HashMap<u64, Arc<EventId>>> {
+	pub(super) async fn state_full_ids(&self, shortstatehash: u64) -> Result<HashMap<u64, Arc<EventId>>> {
 		let full_state = services()
 			.rooms
 			.state_compressor
@@ -76,7 +45,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	#[allow(unused_qualifications)] // async traits
-	async fn state_full(&self, shortstatehash: u64) -> Result<HashMap<(StateEventType, String), Arc<PduEvent>>> {
+	pub(super) async fn state_full(
+		&self, shortstatehash: u64,
+	) -> Result<HashMap<(StateEventType, String), Arc<PduEvent>>> {
 		let full_state = services()
 			.rooms
 			.state_compressor
@@ -116,7 +87,8 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Returns a single PDU from `room_id` with key (`event_type`,
 	/// `state_key`).
-	fn state_get_id(
+	#[allow(clippy::unused_self)]
+	pub(super) fn state_get_id(
 		&self, shortstatehash: u64, event_type: &StateEventType, state_key: &str,
 	) -> Result<Option<Arc<EventId>>> {
 		let Some(shortstatekey) = services()
@@ -148,7 +120,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Returns a single PDU from `room_id` with key (`event_type`,
 	/// `state_key`).
-	fn state_get(
+	pub(super) fn state_get(
 		&self, shortstatehash: u64, event_type: &StateEventType, state_key: &str,
 	) -> Result<Option<Arc<PduEvent>>> {
 		self.state_get_id(shortstatehash, event_type, state_key)?
@@ -156,7 +128,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns the state hash for this pdu.
-	fn pdu_shortstatehash(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
+	pub(super) fn pdu_shortstatehash(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		self.eventid_shorteventid
 			.get(event_id.as_bytes())?
 			.map_or(Ok(None), |shorteventid| {
@@ -173,7 +145,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Returns the full room state.
 	#[allow(unused_qualifications)] // async traits
-	async fn room_state_full(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<HashMap<(StateEventType, String), Arc<PduEvent>>> {
+	pub(super) async fn room_state_full(
+		&self, room_id: &RoomId,
+	) -> Result<HashMap<(StateEventType, String), Arc<PduEvent>>> {
 		if let Some(current_shortstatehash) = services().rooms.state.get_room_shortstatehash(room_id)? {
 			self.state_full(current_shortstatehash).await
 		} else {
@@ -183,7 +157,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Returns a single PDU from `room_id` with key (`event_type`,
 	/// `state_key`).
-	fn room_state_get_id(
+	pub(super) fn room_state_get_id(
 		&self, room_id: &RoomId, event_type: &StateEventType, state_key: &str,
 	) -> Result<Option<Arc<EventId>>> {
 		if let Some(current_shortstatehash) = services().rooms.state.get_room_shortstatehash(room_id)? {
@@ -195,7 +169,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Returns a single PDU from `room_id` with key (`event_type`,
 	/// `state_key`).
-	fn room_state_get(
+	pub(super) fn room_state_get(
 		&self, room_id: &RoomId, event_type: &StateEventType, state_key: &str,
 	) -> Result<Option<Arc<PduEvent>>> {
 		if let Some(current_shortstatehash) = services().rooms.state.get_room_shortstatehash(room_id)? {

src/service/rooms/state_accessor/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+use std::sync::Mutex as StdMutex;
+
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 use std::{
 	collections::HashMap,
@@ -29,12 +34,25 @@ use tracing::{error, warn};
 use crate::{service::pdu::PduBuilder, services, Error, PduEvent, Result};
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 	pub server_visibility_cache: Mutex<LruCache<(OwnedServerName, u64), bool>>,
 	pub user_visibility_cache: Mutex<LruCache<(OwnedUserId, u64), bool>>,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		let config = &server.config;
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+			server_visibility_cache: StdMutex::new(LruCache::new(
+				(f64::from(config.server_visibility_cache_capacity) * config.conduit_cache_capacity_modifier) as usize,
+			)),
+			user_visibility_cache: StdMutex::new(LruCache::new(
+				(f64::from(config.user_visibility_cache_capacity) * config.conduit_cache_capacity_modifier) as usize,
+			)),
+		})
+	}
+
 	/// Builds a StateMap by iterating over all keys that start
 	/// with state_hash, this gives the full state for the given state_hash.
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]

src/service/rooms/state_cache/data.rs

@@ -17,101 +17,53 @@ use crate::{
 type StrippedStateEventIter<'a> = Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(OwnedRoomId, Vec<Raw<AnyStrippedStateEvent>>)>> + 'a>;
 type AnySyncStateEventIter<'a> = Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(OwnedRoomId, Vec<Raw<AnySyncStateEvent>>)>> + 'a>;
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn mark_as_once_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()>;
-	fn mark_as_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()>;
-	fn mark_as_invited(
-		&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, last_state: Option<Vec<Raw<AnyStrippedStateEvent>>>,
-		invite_via: Option<Vec<OwnedServerName>>,
-	) -> Result<()>;
-	fn mark_as_left(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()>;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
-	fn update_joined_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()>;
+use database::KvTree;
 
-	fn appservice_in_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId, appservice: &RegistrationInfo) -> Result<bool>;
-
-	/// Makes a user forget a room.
-	fn forget(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Returns an iterator of all servers participating in this room.
-	fn room_servers<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedServerName>> + 'a>;
-
-	fn server_in_room(&self, server: &ServerName, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool>;
-
-	/// Returns an iterator of all rooms a server participates in (as far as we
-	/// know).
-	fn server_rooms<'a>(&'a self, server: &ServerName) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + 'a>;
-
-	/// Returns an iterator of all joined members of a room.
-	fn room_members<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + 'a>;
-
-	/// Returns an iterator of all our local users
-	/// in the room, even if they're deactivated/guests
-	fn local_users_in_room<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = OwnedUserId> + 'a>;
-
-	/// Returns an iterator of all our local joined users in a room who are
-	/// active (not deactivated, not guest)
-	fn active_local_users_in_room<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = OwnedUserId> + 'a>;
-
-	fn room_joined_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<u64>>;
-
-	fn room_invited_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<u64>>;
-
-	/// Returns an iterator over all User IDs who ever joined a room.
-	///
-	/// TODO: use this?
-	#[allow(dead_code)]
-	fn room_useroncejoined<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + 'a>;
-
-	/// Returns an iterator over all invited members of a room.
-	fn room_members_invited<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + 'a>;
-
-	fn get_invite_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<u64>>;
-
-	fn get_left_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<u64>>;
-
-	/// Returns an iterator over all rooms this user joined.
-	fn rooms_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + '_>;
-
-	/// Returns an iterator over all rooms a user was invited to.
-	fn rooms_invited<'a>(&'a self, user_id: &UserId) -> StrippedStateEventIter<'a>;
-
-	fn invite_state(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<Vec<Raw<AnyStrippedStateEvent>>>>;
-
-	fn left_state(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<Vec<Raw<AnyStrippedStateEvent>>>>;
-
-	/// Returns an iterator over all rooms a user left.
-	fn rooms_left<'a>(&'a self, user_id: &UserId) -> AnySyncStateEventIter<'a>;
-
-	fn once_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool>;
-
-	fn is_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool>;
-
-	fn is_invited(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool>;
-
-	fn is_left(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool>;
-
-	/// Gets the servers to either accept or decline invites via for a given
-	/// room.
-	fn servers_invite_via<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedServerName>> + 'a>;
-
-	/// Add the given servers the list to accept or decline invites via for a
-	/// given room.
-	///
-	/// TODO: use this?
-	#[allow(dead_code)]
-	fn add_servers_invite_via(&self, room_id: &RoomId, servers: &[OwnedServerName]) -> Result<()>;
+pub struct Data {
+	userroomid_joined: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	roomuserid_joined: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userroomid_invitestate: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	roomuserid_invitecount: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userroomid_leftstate: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	roomuserid_leftcount: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	roomid_inviteviaservers: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	roomuseroncejoinedids: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	roomid_joinedcount: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	roomid_invitedcount: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	roomserverids: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	serverroomids: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	db: Arc<KeyValueDatabase>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn mark_as_once_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			userroomid_joined: db.userroomid_joined.clone(),
+			roomuserid_joined: db.roomuserid_joined.clone(),
+			userroomid_invitestate: db.userroomid_invitestate.clone(),
+			roomuserid_invitecount: db.roomuserid_invitecount.clone(),
+			userroomid_leftstate: db.userroomid_leftstate.clone(),
+			roomuserid_leftcount: db.roomuserid_leftcount.clone(),
+			roomid_inviteviaservers: db.roomid_inviteviaservers.clone(),
+			roomuseroncejoinedids: db.roomuseroncejoinedids.clone(),
+			roomid_joinedcount: db.roomid_joinedcount.clone(),
+			roomid_invitedcount: db.roomid_invitedcount.clone(),
+			roomserverids: db.roomserverids.clone(),
+			serverroomids: db.serverroomids.clone(),
+			db: db.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn mark_as_once_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut userroom_id = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userroom_id.push(0xFF);
 		userroom_id.extend_from_slice(room_id.as_bytes());
 		self.roomuseroncejoinedids.insert(&userroom_id, &[])
 	}
 
-	fn mark_as_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn mark_as_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
 		let roomid = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 
 		let mut roomuser_id = roomid.clone();
@@ -134,7 +86,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn mark_as_invited(
+	pub(super) fn mark_as_invited(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, last_state: Option<Vec<Raw<AnyStrippedStateEvent>>>,
 		invite_via: Option<Vec<OwnedServerName>>,
 	) -> Result<()> {
@@ -179,7 +131,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn mark_as_left(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn mark_as_left(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
 		let roomid = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 
 		let mut roomuser_id = roomid.clone();
@@ -206,7 +158,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn update_joined_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn update_joined_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut joinedcount = 0_u64;
 		let mut invitedcount = 0_u64;
 		let mut joined_servers = HashSet::new();
@@ -256,7 +208,8 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			self.serverroomids.insert(&serverroom_id, &[])?;
 		}
 
-		self.appservice_in_room_cache
+		self.db
+			.appservice_in_room_cache
 			.write()
 			.unwrap()
 			.remove(room_id);
@@ -265,8 +218,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id, appservice))]
-	fn appservice_in_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId, appservice: &RegistrationInfo) -> Result<bool> {
+	pub(super) fn appservice_in_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId, appservice: &RegistrationInfo) -> Result<bool> {
 		let maybe = self
+			.db
 			.appservice_in_room_cache
 			.read()
 			.unwrap()
@@ -288,7 +242,8 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 					.room_members(room_id)
 					.any(|userid| userid.map_or(false, |userid| appservice.users.is_match(userid.as_str())));
 
-			self.appservice_in_room_cache
+			self.db
+				.appservice_in_room_cache
 				.write()
 				.unwrap()
 				.entry(room_id.to_owned())
@@ -301,7 +256,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Makes a user forget a room.
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn forget(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn forget(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut userroom_id = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userroom_id.push(0xFF);
 		userroom_id.extend_from_slice(room_id.as_bytes());
@@ -318,7 +273,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Returns an iterator of all servers participating in this room.
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn room_servers<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedServerName>> + 'a> {
+	pub(super) fn room_servers<'a>(
+		&'a self, room_id: &RoomId,
+	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedServerName>> + 'a> {
 		let mut prefix = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 
@@ -336,7 +293,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn server_in_room(&self, server: &ServerName, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
+	pub(super) fn server_in_room(&self, server: &ServerName, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
 		let mut key = server.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(room_id.as_bytes());
@@ -347,7 +304,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	/// Returns an iterator of all rooms a server participates in (as far as we
 	/// know).
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn server_rooms<'a>(&'a self, server: &ServerName) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + 'a> {
+	pub(super) fn server_rooms<'a>(
+		&'a self, server: &ServerName,
+	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + 'a> {
 		let mut prefix = server.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 
@@ -366,7 +325,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Returns an iterator of all joined members of a room.
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn room_members<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + 'a> {
+	pub(super) fn room_members<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + 'a> {
 		let mut prefix = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 
@@ -385,7 +344,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Returns an iterator of all our local users in the room, even if they're
 	/// deactivated/guests
-	fn local_users_in_room<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = OwnedUserId> + 'a> {
+	pub(super) fn local_users_in_room<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = OwnedUserId> + 'a> {
 		Box::new(
 			self.room_members(room_id)
 				.filter_map(Result::ok)
@@ -396,7 +355,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	/// Returns an iterator of all our local joined users in a room who are
 	/// active (not deactivated, not guest)
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn active_local_users_in_room<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = OwnedUserId> + 'a> {
+	pub(super) fn active_local_users_in_room<'a>(
+		&'a self, room_id: &RoomId,
+	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = OwnedUserId> + 'a> {
 		Box::new(
 			self.local_users_in_room(room_id)
 				.filter(|user| !services().users.is_deactivated(user).unwrap_or(true)),
@@ -405,7 +366,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Returns the number of users which are currently in a room
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn room_joined_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
+	pub(super) fn room_joined_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		self.roomid_joinedcount
 			.get(room_id.as_bytes())?
 			.map(|b| utils::u64_from_bytes(&b).map_err(|_| Error::bad_database("Invalid joinedcount in db.")))
@@ -414,7 +375,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Returns the number of users which are currently invited to a room
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn room_invited_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
+	pub(super) fn room_invited_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		self.roomid_invitedcount
 			.get(room_id.as_bytes())?
 			.map(|b| utils::u64_from_bytes(&b).map_err(|_| Error::bad_database("Invalid joinedcount in db.")))
@@ -423,7 +384,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all User IDs who ever joined a room.
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn room_useroncejoined<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + 'a> {
+	pub(super) fn room_useroncejoined<'a>(
+		&'a self, room_id: &RoomId,
+	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + 'a> {
 		let mut prefix = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 
@@ -446,7 +409,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all invited members of a room.
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn room_members_invited<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + 'a> {
+	pub(super) fn room_members_invited<'a>(
+		&'a self, room_id: &RoomId,
+	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + 'a> {
 		let mut prefix = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 
@@ -468,7 +433,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn get_invite_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_invite_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		let mut key = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(user_id.as_bytes());
@@ -483,7 +448,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn get_left_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_left_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		let mut key = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(user_id.as_bytes());
@@ -496,7 +461,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all rooms this user joined.
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn rooms_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + '_> {
+	pub(super) fn rooms_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + '_> {
 		Box::new(
 			self.userroomid_joined
 				.scan_prefix(user_id.as_bytes().to_vec())
@@ -516,7 +481,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all rooms a user was invited to.
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn rooms_invited<'a>(&'a self, user_id: &UserId) -> StrippedStateEventIter<'a> {
+	pub(super) fn rooms_invited<'a>(&'a self, user_id: &UserId) -> StrippedStateEventIter<'a> {
 		let mut prefix = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 
@@ -543,7 +508,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn invite_state(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<Vec<Raw<AnyStrippedStateEvent>>>> {
+	pub(super) fn invite_state(
+		&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId,
+	) -> Result<Option<Vec<Raw<AnyStrippedStateEvent>>>> {
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(room_id.as_bytes());
@@ -560,7 +527,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn left_state(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<Vec<Raw<AnyStrippedStateEvent>>>> {
+	pub(super) fn left_state(
+		&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId,
+	) -> Result<Option<Vec<Raw<AnyStrippedStateEvent>>>> {
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(room_id.as_bytes());
@@ -578,7 +547,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all rooms a user left.
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn rooms_left<'a>(&'a self, user_id: &UserId) -> AnySyncStateEventIter<'a> {
+	pub(super) fn rooms_left<'a>(&'a self, user_id: &UserId) -> AnySyncStateEventIter<'a> {
 		let mut prefix = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 
@@ -605,7 +574,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn once_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
+	pub(super) fn once_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
 		let mut userroom_id = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userroom_id.push(0xFF);
 		userroom_id.extend_from_slice(room_id.as_bytes());
@@ -614,7 +583,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn is_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
+	pub(super) fn is_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
 		let mut userroom_id = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userroom_id.push(0xFF);
 		userroom_id.extend_from_slice(room_id.as_bytes());
@@ -623,7 +592,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn is_invited(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
+	pub(super) fn is_invited(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
 		let mut userroom_id = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userroom_id.push(0xFF);
 		userroom_id.extend_from_slice(room_id.as_bytes());
@@ -632,7 +601,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn is_left(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
+	pub(super) fn is_left(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
 		let mut userroom_id = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userroom_id.push(0xFF);
 		userroom_id.extend_from_slice(room_id.as_bytes());
@@ -641,7 +610,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn servers_invite_via<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedServerName>> + 'a> {
+	pub(super) fn servers_invite_via<'a>(
+		&'a self, room_id: &RoomId,
+	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedServerName>> + 'a> {
 		let key = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 
 		Box::new(
@@ -665,7 +636,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
-	fn add_servers_invite_via(&self, room_id: &RoomId, servers: &[OwnedServerName]) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn add_servers_invite_via(&self, room_id: &RoomId, servers: &[OwnedServerName]) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut prev_servers = self
 			.servers_invite_via(room_id)
 			.filter_map(Result::ok)

src/service/rooms/state_cache/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use conduit::Server;
 use data::Data;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use ruma::{
 	events::{
@@ -24,10 +26,16 @@ use crate::{service::appservice::RegistrationInfo, services, user_is_local, Erro
 mod data;
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	/// Update current membership data.
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, last_state))]
 	#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]

src/service/rooms/state_compressor/data.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,28 @@
 use std::{collections::HashSet, mem::size_of, sync::Arc};
 
+use database::KvTree;
+
 use super::CompressedStateEvent;
 use crate::{utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
 
-pub struct StateDiff {
-	pub parent: Option<u64>,
-	pub added: Arc<HashSet<CompressedStateEvent>>,
-	pub removed: Arc<HashSet<CompressedStateEvent>>,
+pub(super) struct StateDiff {
+	pub(super) parent: Option<u64>,
+	pub(super) added: Arc<HashSet<CompressedStateEvent>>,
+	pub(super) removed: Arc<HashSet<CompressedStateEvent>>,
 }
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn get_statediff(&self, shortstatehash: u64) -> Result<StateDiff>;
-	fn save_statediff(&self, shortstatehash: u64, diff: StateDiff) -> Result<()>;
+pub struct Data {
+	shortstatehash_statediff: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn get_statediff(&self, shortstatehash: u64) -> Result<StateDiff> {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			shortstatehash_statediff: db.shortstatehash_statediff.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn get_statediff(&self, shortstatehash: u64) -> Result<StateDiff> {
 		let value = self
 			.shortstatehash_statediff
 			.get(&shortstatehash.to_be_bytes())?
@@ -53,7 +60,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		})
 	}
 
-	fn save_statediff(&self, shortstatehash: u64, diff: StateDiff) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn save_statediff(&self, shortstatehash: u64, diff: StateDiff) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut value = diff.parent.unwrap_or(0).to_be_bytes().to_vec();
 		for new in diff.added.iter() {
 			value.extend_from_slice(&new[..]);

src/service/rooms/state_compressor/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+use std::sync::Mutex as StdMutex;
+
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 use std::{
 	collections::HashSet,
@@ -41,16 +46,25 @@ type ParentStatesVec = Vec<(
 )>;
 
 type HashSetCompressStateEvent = Result<(u64, Arc<HashSet<CompressedStateEvent>>, Arc<HashSet<CompressedStateEvent>>)>;
+pub type CompressedStateEvent = [u8; 2 * size_of::<u64>()];
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 
 	pub stateinfo_cache: StateInfoLruCache,
 }
 
-pub type CompressedStateEvent = [u8; 2 * size_of::<u64>()];
-
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		let config = &server.config;
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+			stateinfo_cache: StdMutex::new(LruCache::new(
+				(f64::from(config.stateinfo_cache_capacity) * config.conduit_cache_capacity_modifier) as usize,
+			)),
+		})
+	}
+
 	/// Returns a stack with info on shortstatehash, full state, added diff and
 	/// removed diff for the selected shortstatehash and each parent layer.
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]

src/service/rooms/threads/data.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,24 @@
-use std::mem::size_of;
+use std::{mem::size_of, sync::Arc};
 
+use database::KvTree;
 use ruma::{api::client::threads::get_threads::v1::IncludeThreads, OwnedUserId, RoomId, UserId};
 
 use crate::{services, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, PduEvent, Result};
 
 type PduEventIterResult<'a> = Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(u64, PduEvent)>> + 'a>>;
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn threads_until<'a>(
-		&'a self, user_id: &'a UserId, room_id: &'a RoomId, until: u64, include: &'a IncludeThreads,
-	) -> PduEventIterResult<'a>;
-
-	fn update_participants(&self, root_id: &[u8], participants: &[OwnedUserId]) -> Result<()>;
-	fn get_participants(&self, root_id: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Vec<OwnedUserId>>>;
+pub struct Data {
+	threadid_userids: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn threads_until<'a>(
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			threadid_userids: db.threadid_userids.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn threads_until<'a>(
 		&'a self, user_id: &'a UserId, room_id: &'a RoomId, until: u64, _include: &'a IncludeThreads,
 	) -> PduEventIterResult<'a> {
 		let prefix = services()
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		))
 	}
 
-	fn update_participants(&self, root_id: &[u8], participants: &[OwnedUserId]) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn update_participants(&self, root_id: &[u8], participants: &[OwnedUserId]) -> Result<()> {
 		let users = participants
 			.iter()
 			.map(|user| user.as_bytes())
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn get_participants(&self, root_id: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Vec<OwnedUserId>>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_participants(&self, root_id: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Vec<OwnedUserId>>> {
 		if let Some(users) = self.threadid_userids.get(root_id)? {
 			Ok(Some(
 				users

src/service/rooms/threads/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 
 use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc};
@@ -13,10 +16,16 @@ use serde_json::json;
 use crate::{services, Error, PduEvent, Result};
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	pub fn threads_until<'a>(
 		&'a self, user_id: &'a UserId, room_id: &'a RoomId, until: u64, include: &'a IncludeThreads,
 	) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<(u64, PduEvent)>> + 'a> {

src/service/rooms/timeline/data.rs

@@ -1,76 +1,36 @@
 use std::{collections::hash_map, mem::size_of, sync::Arc};
 
+use database::KvTree;
 use ruma::{api::client::error::ErrorKind, CanonicalJsonObject, EventId, OwnedUserId, RoomId, UserId};
 use tracing::error;
 
 use super::PduCount;
 use crate::{services, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, PduEvent, Result};
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn last_timeline_count(&self, sender_user: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<PduCount>;
-
-	/// Returns the `count` of this pdu's id.
-	fn get_pdu_count(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<PduCount>>;
-
-	/// Returns the json of a pdu.
-	fn get_pdu_json(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<CanonicalJsonObject>>;
-
-	/// Returns the json of a pdu.
-	fn get_non_outlier_pdu_json(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<CanonicalJsonObject>>;
-
-	/// Returns the pdu's id.
-	fn get_pdu_id(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>>;
-
-	/// Returns the pdu.
-	///
-	/// Checks the `eventid_outlierpdu` Tree if not found in the timeline.
-	fn get_non_outlier_pdu(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<PduEvent>>;
-
-	/// Returns the pdu.
-	///
-	/// Checks the `eventid_outlierpdu` Tree if not found in the timeline.
-	fn get_pdu(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<Arc<PduEvent>>>;
-
-	/// Returns the pdu.
-	///
-	/// This does __NOT__ check the outliers `Tree`.
-	fn get_pdu_from_id(&self, pdu_id: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<PduEvent>>;
-
-	/// Returns the pdu as a `BTreeMap<String, CanonicalJsonValue>`.
-	fn get_pdu_json_from_id(&self, pdu_id: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<CanonicalJsonObject>>;
-
-	/// Adds a new pdu to the timeline
-	fn append_pdu(&self, pdu_id: &[u8], pdu: &PduEvent, json: &CanonicalJsonObject, count: u64) -> Result<()>;
-
-	// Adds a new pdu to the backfilled timeline
-	fn prepend_backfill_pdu(&self, pdu_id: &[u8], event_id: &EventId, json: &CanonicalJsonObject) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Removes a pdu and creates a new one with the same id.
-	fn replace_pdu(&self, pdu_id: &[u8], pdu_json: &CanonicalJsonObject, pdu: &PduEvent) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Returns an iterator over all events and their tokens in a room that
-	/// happened before the event with id `until` in reverse-chronological
-	/// order.
-	#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
-	fn pdus_until<'a>(
-		&'a self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, until: PduCount,
-	) -> Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(PduCount, PduEvent)>> + 'a>>;
-
-	/// Returns an iterator over all events in a room that happened after the
-	/// event with id `from` in chronological order.
-	#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
-	fn pdus_after<'a>(
-		&'a self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, from: PduCount,
-	) -> Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(PduCount, PduEvent)>> + 'a>>;
-
-	fn increment_notification_counts(
-		&self, room_id: &RoomId, notifies: Vec<OwnedUserId>, highlights: Vec<OwnedUserId>,
-	) -> Result<()>;
+pub struct Data {
+	eventid_pduid: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	pduid_pdu: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	eventid_outlierpdu: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userroomid_notificationcount: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userroomid_highlightcount: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	db: Arc<KeyValueDatabase>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn last_timeline_count(&self, sender_user: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<PduCount> {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			eventid_pduid: db.eventid_pduid.clone(),
+			pduid_pdu: db.pduid_pdu.clone(),
+			eventid_outlierpdu: db.eventid_outlierpdu.clone(),
+			userroomid_notificationcount: db.userroomid_notificationcount.clone(),
+			userroomid_highlightcount: db.userroomid_highlightcount.clone(),
+			db: db.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn last_timeline_count(&self, sender_user: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<PduCount> {
 		match self
+			.db
 			.lasttimelinecount_cache
 			.lock()
 			.unwrap()
@@ -96,7 +56,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns the `count` of this pdu's id.
-	fn get_pdu_count(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<PduCount>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_pdu_count(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<PduCount>> {
 		self.eventid_pduid
 			.get(event_id.as_bytes())?
 			.map(|pdu_id| pdu_count(&pdu_id))
@@ -104,7 +64,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns the json of a pdu.
-	fn get_pdu_json(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<CanonicalJsonObject>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_pdu_json(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<CanonicalJsonObject>> {
 		self.get_non_outlier_pdu_json(event_id)?.map_or_else(
 			|| {
 				self.eventid_outlierpdu
@@ -117,7 +77,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns the json of a pdu.
-	fn get_non_outlier_pdu_json(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<CanonicalJsonObject>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_non_outlier_pdu_json(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<CanonicalJsonObject>> {
 		self.eventid_pduid
 			.get(event_id.as_bytes())?
 			.map(|pduid| {
@@ -131,10 +91,12 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns the pdu's id.
-	fn get_pdu_id(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> { self.eventid_pduid.get(event_id.as_bytes()) }
+	pub(super) fn get_pdu_id(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+		self.eventid_pduid.get(event_id.as_bytes())
+	}
 
 	/// Returns the pdu.
-	fn get_non_outlier_pdu(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<PduEvent>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_non_outlier_pdu(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<PduEvent>> {
 		self.eventid_pduid
 			.get(event_id.as_bytes())?
 			.map(|pduid| {
@@ -150,7 +112,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	/// Returns the pdu.
 	///
 	/// Checks the `eventid_outlierpdu` Tree if not found in the timeline.
-	fn get_pdu(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<Arc<PduEvent>>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_pdu(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<Arc<PduEvent>>> {
 		if let Some(pdu) = self
 			.get_non_outlier_pdu(event_id)?
 			.map_or_else(
@@ -173,7 +135,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	/// Returns the pdu.
 	///
 	/// This does __NOT__ check the outliers `Tree`.
-	fn get_pdu_from_id(&self, pdu_id: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<PduEvent>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_pdu_from_id(&self, pdu_id: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<PduEvent>> {
 		self.pduid_pdu.get(pdu_id)?.map_or(Ok(None), |pdu| {
 			Ok(Some(
 				serde_json::from_slice(&pdu).map_err(|_| Error::bad_database("Invalid PDU in db."))?,
@@ -182,7 +144,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns the pdu as a `BTreeMap<String, CanonicalJsonValue>`.
-	fn get_pdu_json_from_id(&self, pdu_id: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<CanonicalJsonObject>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_pdu_json_from_id(&self, pdu_id: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<CanonicalJsonObject>> {
 		self.pduid_pdu.get(pdu_id)?.map_or(Ok(None), |pdu| {
 			Ok(Some(
 				serde_json::from_slice(&pdu).map_err(|_| Error::bad_database("Invalid PDU in db."))?,
@@ -190,13 +152,16 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		})
 	}
 
-	fn append_pdu(&self, pdu_id: &[u8], pdu: &PduEvent, json: &CanonicalJsonObject, count: u64) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn append_pdu(
+		&self, pdu_id: &[u8], pdu: &PduEvent, json: &CanonicalJsonObject, count: u64,
+	) -> Result<()> {
 		self.pduid_pdu.insert(
 			pdu_id,
 			&serde_json::to_vec(json).expect("CanonicalJsonObject is always a valid"),
 		)?;
 
-		self.lasttimelinecount_cache
+		self.db
+			.lasttimelinecount_cache
 			.lock()
 			.unwrap()
 			.insert(pdu.room_id.clone(), PduCount::Normal(count));
@@ -207,7 +172,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn prepend_backfill_pdu(&self, pdu_id: &[u8], event_id: &EventId, json: &CanonicalJsonObject) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn prepend_backfill_pdu(
+		&self, pdu_id: &[u8], event_id: &EventId, json: &CanonicalJsonObject,
+	) -> Result<()> {
 		self.pduid_pdu.insert(
 			pdu_id,
 			&serde_json::to_vec(json).expect("CanonicalJsonObject is always a valid"),
@@ -220,7 +187,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Removes a pdu and creates a new one with the same id.
-	fn replace_pdu(&self, pdu_id: &[u8], pdu_json: &CanonicalJsonObject, _pdu: &PduEvent) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn replace_pdu(&self, pdu_id: &[u8], pdu_json: &CanonicalJsonObject, _pdu: &PduEvent) -> Result<()> {
 		if self.pduid_pdu.get(pdu_id)?.is_some() {
 			self.pduid_pdu.insert(
 				pdu_id,
@@ -236,7 +203,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	/// Returns an iterator over all events and their tokens in a room that
 	/// happened before the event with id `until` in reverse-chronological
 	/// order.
-	fn pdus_until<'a>(
+	pub(super) fn pdus_until<'a>(
 		&'a self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, until: PduCount,
 	) -> Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(PduCount, PduEvent)>> + 'a>> {
 		let (prefix, current) = count_to_id(room_id, until, 1, true)?;
@@ -260,7 +227,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		))
 	}
 
-	fn pdus_after<'a>(
+	pub(super) fn pdus_after<'a>(
 		&'a self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, from: PduCount,
 	) -> Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(PduCount, PduEvent)>> + 'a>> {
 		let (prefix, current) = count_to_id(room_id, from, 1, false)?;
@@ -284,7 +251,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		))
 	}
 
-	fn increment_notification_counts(
+	pub(super) fn increment_notification_counts(
 		&self, room_id: &RoomId, notifies: Vec<OwnedUserId>, highlights: Vec<OwnedUserId>,
 	) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut notifies_batch = Vec::new();
@@ -311,7 +278,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 }
 
 /// Returns the `count` of this pdu's id.
-fn pdu_count(pdu_id: &[u8]) -> Result<PduCount> {
+pub(super) fn pdu_count(pdu_id: &[u8]) -> Result<PduCount> {
 	let last_u64 = utils::u64_from_bytes(&pdu_id[pdu_id.len() - size_of::<u64>()..])
 		.map_err(|_| Error::bad_database("PDU has invalid count bytes."))?;
 	let second_last_u64 =
@@ -324,7 +291,9 @@ fn pdu_count(pdu_id: &[u8]) -> Result<PduCount> {
 	}
 }
 
-fn count_to_id(room_id: &RoomId, count: PduCount, offset: u64, subtract: bool) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> {
+pub(super) fn count_to_id(
+	room_id: &RoomId, count: PduCount, offset: u64, subtract: bool,
+) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> {
 	let prefix = services()
 		.rooms
 		.short

src/service/rooms/timeline/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 
 use std::{
@@ -74,12 +77,19 @@ struct ExtractBody {
 }
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 
 	pub lasttimelinecount_cache: Mutex<HashMap<OwnedRoomId, PduCount>>,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+			lasttimelinecount_cache: Mutex::new(HashMap::new()),
+		})
+	}
+
 	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
 	pub fn first_pdu_in_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<Arc<PduEvent>>> {
 		self.all_pdus(user_id!("@doesntmatter:conduit.rs"), room_id)?

src/service/rooms/typing/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc};
 
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
 use ruma::{
 	api::federation::transactions::edu::{Edu, TypingContent},
 	events::SyncEphemeralRoomEvent,
@@ -23,6 +25,14 @@ pub struct Service {
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, _db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			typing: RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new()),
+			last_typing_update: RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new()),
+			typing_update_sender: broadcast::channel(100).0,
+		})
+	}
+
 	/// Sets a user as typing until the timeout timestamp is reached or
 	/// roomtyping_remove is called.
 	pub async fn typing_add(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, timeout: u64) -> Result<()> {

src/service/rooms/user/data.rs

@@ -1,28 +1,30 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use database::KvTree;
 use ruma::{OwnedRoomId, OwnedUserId, RoomId, UserId};
 
 use crate::{services, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn reset_notification_counts(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn notification_count(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<u64>;
-
-	fn highlight_count(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<u64>;
-
-	// Returns the count at which the last reset_notification_counts was called
-	fn last_notification_read(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<u64>;
-
-	fn associate_token_shortstatehash(&self, room_id: &RoomId, token: u64, shortstatehash: u64) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn get_token_shortstatehash(&self, room_id: &RoomId, token: u64) -> Result<Option<u64>>;
-
-	fn get_shared_rooms<'a>(
-		&'a self, users: Vec<OwnedUserId>,
-	) -> Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + 'a>>;
+pub struct Data {
+	userroomid_notificationcount: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userroomid_highlightcount: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	roomuserid_lastnotificationread: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	roomsynctoken_shortstatehash: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userroomid_joined: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn reset_notification_counts(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			userroomid_notificationcount: db.userroomid_notificationcount.clone(),
+			userroomid_highlightcount: db.userroomid_highlightcount.clone(),
+			roomuserid_lastnotificationread: db.roomuserid_lastnotificationread.clone(),
+			roomsynctoken_shortstatehash: db.roomsynctoken_shortstatehash.clone(),
+			userroomid_joined: db.userroomid_joined.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn reset_notification_counts(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut userroom_id = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userroom_id.push(0xFF);
 		userroom_id.extend_from_slice(room_id.as_bytes());
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn notification_count(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<u64> {
+	pub(super) fn notification_count(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<u64> {
 		let mut userroom_id = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userroom_id.push(0xFF);
 		userroom_id.extend_from_slice(room_id.as_bytes());
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			})
 	}
 
-	fn highlight_count(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<u64> {
+	pub(super) fn highlight_count(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<u64> {
 		let mut userroom_id = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userroom_id.push(0xFF);
 		userroom_id.extend_from_slice(room_id.as_bytes());
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			})
 	}
 
-	fn last_notification_read(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<u64> {
+	pub(super) fn last_notification_read(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<u64> {
 		let mut key = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(user_id.as_bytes());
@@ -81,7 +83,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.unwrap_or(0))
 	}
 
-	fn associate_token_shortstatehash(&self, room_id: &RoomId, token: u64, shortstatehash: u64) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn associate_token_shortstatehash(
+		&self, room_id: &RoomId, token: u64, shortstatehash: u64,
+	) -> Result<()> {
 		let shortroomid = services()
 			.rooms
 			.short
@@ -95,7 +99,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.insert(&key, &shortstatehash.to_be_bytes())
 	}
 
-	fn get_token_shortstatehash(&self, room_id: &RoomId, token: u64) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_token_shortstatehash(&self, room_id: &RoomId, token: u64) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		let shortroomid = services()
 			.rooms
 			.short
@@ -114,7 +118,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.transpose()
 	}
 
-	fn get_shared_rooms<'a>(
+	pub(super) fn get_shared_rooms<'a>(
 		&'a self, users: Vec<OwnedUserId>,
 	) -> Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + 'a>> {
 		let iterators = users.into_iter().map(move |user_id| {

src/service/rooms/user/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -8,10 +11,16 @@ use ruma::{OwnedRoomId, OwnedUserId, RoomId, UserId};
 use crate::Result;
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	pub fn reset_notification_counts(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db.reset_notification_counts(user_id, room_id)
 	}

src/service/sending/data.rs

@@ -1,31 +1,31 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
 use ruma::{ServerName, UserId};
 
 use super::{Destination, SendingEvent};
-use crate::{services, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
+use crate::{services, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, KvTree, Result};
 
 type OutgoingSendingIter<'a> = Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(Vec<u8>, Destination, SendingEvent)>> + 'a>;
 type SendingEventIter<'a> = Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(Vec<u8>, SendingEvent)>> + 'a>;
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn active_requests(&self) -> OutgoingSendingIter<'_>;
-	fn active_requests_for(&self, destination: &Destination) -> SendingEventIter<'_>;
-	fn delete_active_request(&self, key: Vec<u8>) -> Result<()>;
-	fn delete_all_active_requests_for(&self, destination: &Destination) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// TODO: use this?
-	#[allow(dead_code)]
-	fn delete_all_requests_for(&self, destination: &Destination) -> Result<()>;
-	fn queue_requests(&self, requests: &[(&Destination, SendingEvent)]) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>>;
-	fn queued_requests<'a>(
-		&'a self, destination: &Destination,
-	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(SendingEvent, Vec<u8>)>> + 'a>;
-	fn mark_as_active(&self, events: &[(SendingEvent, Vec<u8>)]) -> Result<()>;
-	fn set_latest_educount(&self, server_name: &ServerName, educount: u64) -> Result<()>;
-	fn get_latest_educount(&self, server_name: &ServerName) -> Result<u64>;
+pub struct Data {
+	servercurrentevent_data: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	servernameevent_data: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	servername_educount: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	_db: Arc<KeyValueDatabase>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn active_requests<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(Vec<u8>, Destination, SendingEvent)>> + 'a> {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			servercurrentevent_data: db.servercurrentevent_data.clone(),
+			servernameevent_data: db.servernameevent_data.clone(),
+			servername_educount: db.servername_educount.clone(),
+			_db: db,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn active_requests(&self) -> OutgoingSendingIter<'_> {
 		Box::new(
 			self.servercurrentevent_data
 				.iter()
@@ -33,9 +33,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		)
 	}
 
-	fn active_requests_for<'a>(
-		&'a self, destination: &Destination,
-	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(Vec<u8>, SendingEvent)>> + 'a> {
+	pub fn active_requests_for<'a>(&'a self, destination: &Destination) -> SendingEventIter<'a> {
 		let prefix = destination.get_prefix();
 		Box::new(
 			self.servercurrentevent_data
@@ -44,9 +42,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		)
 	}
 
-	fn delete_active_request(&self, key: Vec<u8>) -> Result<()> { self.servercurrentevent_data.remove(&key) }
+	pub(super) fn delete_active_request(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<()> { self.servercurrentevent_data.remove(key) }
 
-	fn delete_all_active_requests_for(&self, destination: &Destination) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn delete_all_active_requests_for(&self, destination: &Destination) -> Result<()> {
 		let prefix = destination.get_prefix();
 		for (key, _) in self.servercurrentevent_data.scan_prefix(prefix) {
 			self.servercurrentevent_data.remove(&key)?;
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn delete_all_requests_for(&self, destination: &Destination) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn delete_all_requests_for(&self, destination: &Destination) -> Result<()> {
 		let prefix = destination.get_prefix();
 		for (key, _) in self.servercurrentevent_data.scan_prefix(prefix.clone()) {
 			self.servercurrentevent_data.remove(&key).unwrap();
@@ -68,7 +66,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn queue_requests(&self, requests: &[(&Destination, SendingEvent)]) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>> {
+	pub(super) fn queue_requests(&self, requests: &[(&Destination, SendingEvent)]) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>> {
 		let mut batch = Vec::new();
 		let mut keys = Vec::new();
 		for (destination, event) in requests {
@@ -91,7 +89,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(keys)
 	}
 
-	fn queued_requests<'a>(
+	pub fn queued_requests<'a>(
 		&'a self, destination: &Destination,
 	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(SendingEvent, Vec<u8>)>> + 'a> {
 		let prefix = destination.get_prefix();
@@ -102,7 +100,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		);
 	}
 
-	fn mark_as_active(&self, events: &[(SendingEvent, Vec<u8>)]) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn mark_as_active(&self, events: &[(SendingEvent, Vec<u8>)]) -> Result<()> {
 		for (e, key) in events {
 			if key.is_empty() {
 				continue;
@@ -120,12 +118,12 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn set_latest_educount(&self, server_name: &ServerName, last_count: u64) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn set_latest_educount(&self, server_name: &ServerName, last_count: u64) -> Result<()> {
 		self.servername_educount
 			.insert(server_name.as_bytes(), &last_count.to_be_bytes())
 	}
 
-	fn get_latest_educount(&self, server_name: &ServerName) -> Result<u64> {
+	pub fn get_latest_educount(&self, server_name: &ServerName) -> Result<u64> {
 		self.servername_educount
 			.get(server_name.as_bytes())?
 			.map_or(Ok(0), |bytes| {

src/service/sending/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+
 mod appservice;
 mod data;
 pub mod resolve;
@@ -15,10 +17,10 @@ use ruma::{
 use tokio::{sync::Mutex, task::JoinHandle};
 use tracing::{error, warn};
 
-use crate::{server_is_ours, services, Config, Error, Result};
+use crate::{server_is_ours, services, Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 
 	/// The state for a given state hash.
 	sender: loole::Sender<Msg>,
@@ -51,16 +53,17 @@ pub enum SendingEvent {
 }
 
 impl Service {
-	pub fn build(db: Arc<dyn Data>, config: &Config) -> Arc<Self> {
+	pub fn build(server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
+		let config = &server.config;
 		let (sender, receiver) = loole::unbounded();
-		Arc::new(Self {
-			db,
+		Ok(Arc::new(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db.clone()),
 			sender,
 			receiver: Mutex::new(receiver),
 			handler_join: Mutex::new(None),
 			startup_netburst: config.startup_netburst,
 			startup_netburst_keep: config.startup_netburst_keep,
-		})
+		}))
 	}
 
 	pub async fn close(&self) {

src/service/sending/sender.rs

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ impl Service {
 			if self.startup_netburst_keep >= 0 && entry.len() >= keep {
 				warn!("Dropping unsent event {:?} {:?}", dest, String::from_utf8_lossy(&key));
 				self.db
-					.delete_active_request(key)
+					.delete_active_request(&key)
 					.expect("active request deleted");
 			} else {
 				entry.push(event);

src/service/services.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,7 @@
-use std::{
-	collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap},
-	sync::{Arc, Mutex as StdMutex},
-};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use conduit::{debug_info, Result, Server};
 use database::KeyValueDatabase;
-use lru_cache::LruCache;
-use tokio::sync::{broadcast, Mutex, RwLock};
 use tracing::{debug, info, trace};
 
 use crate::{
@@ -15,9 +10,9 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 pub struct Services {
+	pub rooms: rooms::Service,
 	pub appservice: appservice::Service,
 	pub pusher: pusher::Service,
-	pub rooms: rooms::Service,
 	pub transaction_ids: transaction_ids::Service,
 	pub uiaa: uiaa::Service,
 	pub users: users::Service,
@@ -34,111 +29,41 @@ pub struct Services {
 
 impl Services {
 	pub async fn build(server: Arc<Server>, db: Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
-		let config = &server.config;
 		Ok(Self {
-			appservice: appservice::Service::build(db.clone())?,
-			pusher: pusher::Service {
-				db: db.clone(),
-			},
 			rooms: rooms::Service {
-				alias: rooms::alias::Service {
-					db: db.clone(),
-				},
-				auth_chain: rooms::auth_chain::Service {
-					db: db.clone(),
-				},
-				directory: rooms::directory::Service {
-					db: db.clone(),
-				},
-				event_handler: rooms::event_handler::Service,
-				lazy_loading: rooms::lazy_loading::Service {
-					db: db.clone(),
-					lazy_load_waiting: Mutex::new(HashMap::new()),
-				},
-				metadata: rooms::metadata::Service {
-					db: db.clone(),
-				},
-				outlier: rooms::outlier::Service {
-					db: db.clone(),
-				},
-				pdu_metadata: rooms::pdu_metadata::Service {
-					db: db.clone(),
-				},
-				read_receipt: rooms::read_receipt::Service {
-					db: db.clone(),
-				},
-				search: rooms::search::Service {
-					db: db.clone(),
-				},
-				short: rooms::short::Service {
-					db: db.clone(),
-				},
-				state: rooms::state::Service {
-					db: db.clone(),
-				},
-				state_accessor: rooms::state_accessor::Service {
-					db: db.clone(),
-					server_visibility_cache: StdMutex::new(LruCache::new(
-						(f64::from(config.server_visibility_cache_capacity) * config.conduit_cache_capacity_modifier)
-							as usize,
-					)),
-					user_visibility_cache: StdMutex::new(LruCache::new(
-						(f64::from(config.user_visibility_cache_capacity) * config.conduit_cache_capacity_modifier)
-							as usize,
-					)),
-				},
-				state_cache: rooms::state_cache::Service {
-					db: db.clone(),
-				},
-				state_compressor: rooms::state_compressor::Service {
-					db: db.clone(),
-					stateinfo_cache: StdMutex::new(LruCache::new(
-						(f64::from(config.stateinfo_cache_capacity) * config.conduit_cache_capacity_modifier) as usize,
-					)),
-				},
-				timeline: rooms::timeline::Service {
-					db: db.clone(),
-					lasttimelinecount_cache: Mutex::new(HashMap::new()),
-				},
-				threads: rooms::threads::Service {
-					db: db.clone(),
-				},
-				typing: rooms::typing::Service {
-					typing: RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new()),
-					last_typing_update: RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new()),
-					typing_update_sender: broadcast::channel(100).0,
-				},
-				spaces: rooms::spaces::Service {
-					roomid_spacehierarchy_cache: Mutex::new(LruCache::new(
-						(f64::from(config.roomid_spacehierarchy_cache_capacity)
-							* config.conduit_cache_capacity_modifier) as usize,
-					)),
-				},
-				user: rooms::user::Service {
-					db: db.clone(),
-				},
+				alias: rooms::alias::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				auth_chain: rooms::auth_chain::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				directory: rooms::directory::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				event_handler: rooms::event_handler::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				lazy_loading: rooms::lazy_loading::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				metadata: rooms::metadata::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				outlier: rooms::outlier::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				pdu_metadata: rooms::pdu_metadata::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				read_receipt: rooms::read_receipt::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				search: rooms::search::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				short: rooms::short::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				state: rooms::state::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				state_accessor: rooms::state_accessor::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				state_cache: rooms::state_cache::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				state_compressor: rooms::state_compressor::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				timeline: rooms::timeline::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				threads: rooms::threads::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				typing: rooms::typing::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				spaces: rooms::spaces::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+				user: rooms::user::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
 			},
-			transaction_ids: transaction_ids::Service {
-				db: db.clone(),
-			},
-			uiaa: uiaa::Service {
-				db: db.clone(),
-			},
-			users: users::Service {
-				db: db.clone(),
-				connections: StdMutex::new(BTreeMap::new()),
-			},
-			account_data: account_data::Service {
-				db: db.clone(),
-			},
-			presence: presence::Service::build(db.clone(), config),
-			admin: admin::Service::build(),
-			key_backups: key_backups::Service {
-				db: db.clone(),
-			},
-			media: media::Service::build(&server, &db),
-			sending: sending::Service::build(db.clone(), config),
-			globals: globals::Service::load(db.clone(), config)?,
+			appservice: appservice::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+			pusher: pusher::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+			transaction_ids: transaction_ids::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+			uiaa: uiaa::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+			users: users::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+			account_data: account_data::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+			presence: presence::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+			admin: admin::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+			key_backups: key_backups::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+			media: media::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+			sending: sending::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
+			globals: globals::Service::build(&server, &db)?,
 			server,
 			db,
 		})

src/service/transaction_ids/data.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use conduit::Result;
+use database::{KeyValueDatabase, KvTree};
 use ruma::{DeviceId, TransactionId, UserId};
 
-use crate::{KeyValueDatabase, Result};
-
-pub(crate) trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn add_txnid(
-		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: Option<&DeviceId>, txn_id: &TransactionId, data: &[u8],
-	) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn existing_txnid(
-		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: Option<&DeviceId>, txn_id: &TransactionId,
-	) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>>;
+pub struct Data {
+	userdevicetxnid_response: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn add_txnid(
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			userdevicetxnid_response: db.userdevicetxnid_response.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn add_txnid(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: Option<&DeviceId>, txn_id: &TransactionId, data: &[u8],
 	) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn existing_txnid(
+	pub(super) fn existing_txnid(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: Option<&DeviceId>, txn_id: &TransactionId,
 	) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();

src/service/transaction_ids/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -8,10 +11,16 @@ use ruma::{DeviceId, TransactionId, UserId};
 use crate::Result;
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub(super) db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	pub fn add_txnid(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: Option<&DeviceId>, txn_id: &TransactionId, data: &[u8],
 	) -> Result<()> {

src/service/uiaa/data.rs

@@ -1,29 +1,30 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use conduit::{Error, Result};
+use database::{KeyValueDatabase, KvTree};
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{error::ErrorKind, uiaa::UiaaInfo},
 	CanonicalJsonValue, DeviceId, UserId,
 };
 
-use crate::{Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
-
-pub(crate) trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	fn set_uiaa_request(
-		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, session: &str, request: &CanonicalJsonValue,
-	) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn get_uiaa_request(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, session: &str) -> Option<CanonicalJsonValue>;
-
-	fn update_uiaa_session(
-		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, session: &str, uiaainfo: Option<&UiaaInfo>,
-	) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn get_uiaa_session(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, session: &str) -> Result<UiaaInfo>;
+pub struct Data {
+	userdevicesessionid_uiaainfo: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	db: Arc<KeyValueDatabase>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
-	fn set_uiaa_request(
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			userdevicesessionid_uiaainfo: db.userdevicesessionid_uiaainfo.clone(),
+			db: db.clone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub(super) fn set_uiaa_request(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, session: &str, request: &CanonicalJsonValue,
 	) -> Result<()> {
-		self.userdevicesessionid_uiaarequest
+		self.db
+			.userdevicesessionid_uiaarequest
 			.write()
 			.unwrap()
 			.insert(
@@ -34,15 +35,18 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn get_uiaa_request(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, session: &str) -> Option<CanonicalJsonValue> {
-		self.userdevicesessionid_uiaarequest
+	pub(super) fn get_uiaa_request(
+		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, session: &str,
+	) -> Option<CanonicalJsonValue> {
+		self.db
+			.userdevicesessionid_uiaarequest
 			.read()
 			.unwrap()
 			.get(&(user_id.to_owned(), device_id.to_owned(), session.to_owned()))
 			.map(ToOwned::to_owned)
 	}
 
-	fn update_uiaa_session(
+	pub(super) fn update_uiaa_session(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, session: &str, uiaainfo: Option<&UiaaInfo>,
 	) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut userdevicesessionid = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn get_uiaa_session(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, session: &str) -> Result<UiaaInfo> {
+	pub(super) fn get_uiaa_session(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, session: &str) -> Result<UiaaInfo> {
 		let mut userdevicesessionid = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userdevicesessionid.push(0xFF);
 		userdevicesessionid.extend_from_slice(device_id.as_bytes());

src/service/uiaa/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+use database::KeyValueDatabase;
+
 mod data;
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -18,10 +21,16 @@ use crate::services;
 pub const SESSION_ID_LENGTH: usize = 32;
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub(super) db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db),
+		})
+	}
+
 	/// Creates a new Uiaa session. Make sure the session token is unique.
 	pub fn create(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, uiaainfo: &UiaaInfo, json_body: &CanonicalJsonValue,

src/service/users/data.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{collections::BTreeMap, mem::size_of};
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, mem::size_of, sync::Arc};
 
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{device::Device, error::ErrorKind, filter::FilterDefinition},
@@ -10,149 +10,60 @@ use ruma::{
 };
 use tracing::warn;
 
-use crate::{services, users::clean_signatures, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, Result};
+use crate::{services, users::clean_signatures, utils, Error, KeyValueDatabase, KvTree, Result};
 
-pub trait Data: Send + Sync {
-	/// Check if a user has an account on this homeserver.
-	fn exists(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<bool>;
-
-	/// Check if account is deactivated
-	fn is_deactivated(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<bool>;
-
-	/// Returns the number of users registered on this server.
-	fn count(&self) -> Result<usize>;
-
-	/// Find out which user an access token belongs to.
-	fn find_from_token(&self, token: &str) -> Result<Option<(OwnedUserId, String)>>;
-
-	/// Returns an iterator over all users on this homeserver.
-	fn iter<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + 'a>;
-
-	/// Returns a list of local users as list of usernames.
-	///
-	/// A user account is considered `local` if the length of it's password is
-	/// greater then zero.
-	fn list_local_users(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>>;
-
-	/// Returns the password hash for the given user.
-	fn password_hash(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<String>>;
-
-	/// Hash and set the user's password to the Argon2 hash
-	fn set_password(&self, user_id: &UserId, password: Option<&str>) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Returns the displayname of a user on this homeserver.
-	fn displayname(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<String>>;
-
-	/// Sets a new displayname or removes it if displayname is None. You still
-	/// need to nofify all rooms of this change.
-	fn set_displayname(&self, user_id: &UserId, displayname: Option<String>) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Get the avatar_url of a user.
-	fn avatar_url(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<OwnedMxcUri>>;
-
-	/// Sets a new avatar_url or removes it if avatar_url is None.
-	fn set_avatar_url(&self, user_id: &UserId, avatar_url: Option<OwnedMxcUri>) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Get the blurhash of a user.
-	fn blurhash(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<String>>;
-
-	/// Sets a new avatar_url or removes it if avatar_url is None.
-	fn set_blurhash(&self, user_id: &UserId, blurhash: Option<String>) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Adds a new device to a user.
-	fn create_device(
-		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, token: &str, initial_device_display_name: Option<String>,
-	) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Removes a device from a user.
-	fn remove_device(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Returns an iterator over all device ids of this user.
-	fn all_device_ids<'a>(&'a self, user_id: &UserId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedDeviceId>> + 'a>;
-
-	/// Replaces the access token of one device.
-	fn set_token(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, token: &str) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn add_one_time_key(
-		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, one_time_key_key: &DeviceKeyId,
-		one_time_key_value: &Raw<OneTimeKey>,
-	) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn last_one_time_keys_update(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<u64>;
-
-	fn take_one_time_key(
-		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, key_algorithm: &DeviceKeyAlgorithm,
-	) -> Result<Option<(OwnedDeviceKeyId, Raw<OneTimeKey>)>>;
-
-	fn count_one_time_keys(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId)
-		-> Result<BTreeMap<DeviceKeyAlgorithm, UInt>>;
-
-	fn add_device_keys(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, device_keys: &Raw<DeviceKeys>) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn add_cross_signing_keys(
-		&self, user_id: &UserId, master_key: &Raw<CrossSigningKey>, self_signing_key: &Option<Raw<CrossSigningKey>>,
-		user_signing_key: &Option<Raw<CrossSigningKey>>, notify: bool,
-	) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn sign_key(&self, target_id: &UserId, key_id: &str, signature: (String, String), sender_id: &UserId)
-		-> Result<()>;
-
-	fn keys_changed<'a>(
-		&'a self, user_or_room_id: &str, from: u64, to: Option<u64>,
-	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + 'a>;
-
-	fn mark_device_key_update(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn get_device_keys(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId) -> Result<Option<Raw<DeviceKeys>>>;
-
-	fn parse_master_key(
-		&self, user_id: &UserId, master_key: &Raw<CrossSigningKey>,
-	) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, CrossSigningKey)>;
-
-	fn get_key(
-		&self, key: &[u8], sender_user: Option<&UserId>, user_id: &UserId, allowed_signatures: &dyn Fn(&UserId) -> bool,
-	) -> Result<Option<Raw<CrossSigningKey>>>;
-
-	fn get_master_key(
-		&self, sender_user: Option<&UserId>, user_id: &UserId, allowed_signatures: &dyn Fn(&UserId) -> bool,
-	) -> Result<Option<Raw<CrossSigningKey>>>;
-
-	fn get_self_signing_key(
-		&self, sender_user: Option<&UserId>, user_id: &UserId, allowed_signatures: &dyn Fn(&UserId) -> bool,
-	) -> Result<Option<Raw<CrossSigningKey>>>;
-
-	fn get_user_signing_key(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<Raw<CrossSigningKey>>>;
-
-	fn add_to_device_event(
-		&self, sender: &UserId, target_user_id: &UserId, target_device_id: &DeviceId, event_type: &str,
-		content: serde_json::Value,
-	) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn get_to_device_events(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId) -> Result<Vec<Raw<AnyToDeviceEvent>>>;
-
-	fn remove_to_device_events(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, until: u64) -> Result<()>;
-
-	fn update_device_metadata(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, device: &Device) -> Result<()>;
-
-	/// Get device metadata.
-	fn get_device_metadata(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId) -> Result<Option<Device>>;
-
-	fn get_devicelist_version(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<u64>>;
-
-	fn all_devices_metadata<'a>(&'a self, user_id: &UserId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<Device>> + 'a>;
-
-	/// Creates a new sync filter. Returns the filter id.
-	fn create_filter(&self, user_id: &UserId, filter: &FilterDefinition) -> Result<String>;
-
-	fn get_filter(&self, user_id: &UserId, filter_id: &str) -> Result<Option<FilterDefinition>>;
+pub struct Data {
+	userid_password: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	token_userdeviceid: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userid_displayname: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userid_avatarurl: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userid_blurhash: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userid_devicelistversion: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userdeviceid_token: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userdeviceid_metadata: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	onetimekeyid_onetimekeys: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userid_lastonetimekeyupdate: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	keyid_key: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userid_masterkeyid: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userid_selfsigningkeyid: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userid_usersigningkeyid: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	keychangeid_userid: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	todeviceid_events: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	userfilterid_filter: Arc<dyn KvTree>,
+	_db: Arc<KeyValueDatabase>,
 }
 
-impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
+impl Data {
+	pub(super) fn new(db: Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			userid_password: db.userid_password.clone(),
+			token_userdeviceid: db.token_userdeviceid.clone(),
+			userid_displayname: db.userid_displayname.clone(),
+			userid_avatarurl: db.userid_avatarurl.clone(),
+			userid_blurhash: db.userid_blurhash.clone(),
+			userid_devicelistversion: db.userid_devicelistversion.clone(),
+			userdeviceid_token: db.userdeviceid_token.clone(),
+			userdeviceid_metadata: db.userdeviceid_metadata.clone(),
+			onetimekeyid_onetimekeys: db.onetimekeyid_onetimekeys.clone(),
+			userid_lastonetimekeyupdate: db.userid_lastonetimekeyupdate.clone(),
+			keyid_key: db.keyid_key.clone(),
+			userid_masterkeyid: db.userid_masterkeyid.clone(),
+			userid_selfsigningkeyid: db.userid_selfsigningkeyid.clone(),
+			userid_usersigningkeyid: db.userid_usersigningkeyid.clone(),
+			keychangeid_userid: db.keychangeid_userid.clone(),
+			todeviceid_events: db.todeviceid_events.clone(),
+			userfilterid_filter: db.userfilterid_filter.clone(),
+			_db: db,
+		}
+	}
+
 	/// Check if a user has an account on this homeserver.
-	fn exists(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<bool> { Ok(self.userid_password.get(user_id.as_bytes())?.is_some()) }
+	pub(super) fn exists(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<bool> {
+		Ok(self.userid_password.get(user_id.as_bytes())?.is_some())
+	}
 
 	/// Check if account is deactivated
-	fn is_deactivated(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<bool> {
+	pub(super) fn is_deactivated(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<bool> {
 		Ok(self
 			.userid_password
 			.get(user_id.as_bytes())?
@@ -161,10 +72,10 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns the number of users registered on this server.
-	fn count(&self) -> Result<usize> { Ok(self.userid_password.iter().count()) }
+	pub(super) fn count(&self) -> Result<usize> { Ok(self.userid_password.iter().count()) }
 
 	/// Find out which user an access token belongs to.
-	fn find_from_token(&self, token: &str) -> Result<Option<(OwnedUserId, String)>> {
+	pub(super) fn find_from_token(&self, token: &str) -> Result<Option<(OwnedUserId, String)>> {
 		self.token_userdeviceid
 			.get(token.as_bytes())?
 			.map_or(Ok(None), |bytes| {
@@ -189,7 +100,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all users on this homeserver.
-	fn iter<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + 'a> {
+	pub fn iter<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + 'a> {
 		Box::new(self.userid_password.iter().map(|(bytes, _)| {
 			UserId::parse(
 				utils::string_from_bytes(&bytes)
@@ -203,7 +114,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	///
 	/// A user account is considered `local` if the length of it's password is
 	/// greater then zero.
-	fn list_local_users(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+	pub(super) fn list_local_users(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
 		let users: Vec<String> = self
 			.userid_password
 			.iter()
@@ -213,7 +124,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns the password hash for the given user.
-	fn password_hash(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<String>> {
+	pub(super) fn password_hash(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<String>> {
 		self.userid_password
 			.get(user_id.as_bytes())?
 			.map_or(Ok(None), |bytes| {
@@ -224,7 +135,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Hash and set the user's password to the Argon2 hash
-	fn set_password(&self, user_id: &UserId, password: Option<&str>) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn set_password(&self, user_id: &UserId, password: Option<&str>) -> Result<()> {
 		if let Some(password) = password {
 			if let Ok(hash) = utils::hash::password(password) {
 				self.userid_password
@@ -243,7 +154,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns the displayname of a user on this homeserver.
-	fn displayname(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<String>> {
+	pub(super) fn displayname(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<String>> {
 		self.userid_displayname
 			.get(user_id.as_bytes())?
 			.map_or(Ok(None), |bytes| {
@@ -256,7 +167,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 
 	/// Sets a new displayname or removes it if displayname is None. You still
 	/// need to nofify all rooms of this change.
-	fn set_displayname(&self, user_id: &UserId, displayname: Option<String>) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn set_displayname(&self, user_id: &UserId, displayname: Option<String>) -> Result<()> {
 		if let Some(displayname) = displayname {
 			self.userid_displayname
 				.insert(user_id.as_bytes(), displayname.as_bytes())?;
@@ -268,7 +179,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Get the `avatar_url` of a user.
-	fn avatar_url(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<OwnedMxcUri>> {
+	pub(super) fn avatar_url(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<OwnedMxcUri>> {
 		self.userid_avatarurl
 			.get(user_id.as_bytes())?
 			.map(|bytes| {
@@ -283,7 +194,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Sets a new avatar_url or removes it if avatar_url is None.
-	fn set_avatar_url(&self, user_id: &UserId, avatar_url: Option<OwnedMxcUri>) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn set_avatar_url(&self, user_id: &UserId, avatar_url: Option<OwnedMxcUri>) -> Result<()> {
 		if let Some(avatar_url) = avatar_url {
 			self.userid_avatarurl
 				.insert(user_id.as_bytes(), avatar_url.to_string().as_bytes())?;
@@ -295,7 +206,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Get the blurhash of a user.
-	fn blurhash(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<String>> {
+	pub(super) fn blurhash(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<String>> {
 		self.userid_blurhash
 			.get(user_id.as_bytes())?
 			.map(|bytes| {
@@ -307,8 +218,8 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.transpose()
 	}
 
-	/// Sets a new blurhash or removes it if blurhash is None.
-	fn set_blurhash(&self, user_id: &UserId, blurhash: Option<String>) -> Result<()> {
+	/// Sets a new avatar_url or removes it if avatar_url is None.
+	pub(super) fn set_blurhash(&self, user_id: &UserId, blurhash: Option<String>) -> Result<()> {
 		if let Some(blurhash) = blurhash {
 			self.userid_blurhash
 				.insert(user_id.as_bytes(), blurhash.as_bytes())?;
@@ -320,7 +231,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Adds a new device to a user.
-	fn create_device(
+	pub(super) fn create_device(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, token: &str, initial_device_display_name: Option<String>,
 	) -> Result<()> {
 		// This method should never be called for nonexistent users. We shouldn't assert
@@ -354,7 +265,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Removes a device from a user.
-	fn remove_device(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn remove_device(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut userdeviceid = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userdeviceid.push(0xFF);
 		userdeviceid.extend_from_slice(device_id.as_bytes());
@@ -384,7 +295,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all device ids of this user.
-	fn all_device_ids<'a>(&'a self, user_id: &UserId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedDeviceId>> + 'a> {
+	pub(super) fn all_device_ids<'a>(
+		&'a self, user_id: &UserId,
+	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedDeviceId>> + 'a> {
 		let mut prefix = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 		// All devices have metadata
@@ -405,7 +318,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Replaces the access token of one device.
-	fn set_token(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, token: &str) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn set_token(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, token: &str) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut userdeviceid = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userdeviceid.push(0xFF);
 		userdeviceid.extend_from_slice(device_id.as_bytes());
@@ -436,7 +349,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn add_one_time_key(
+	pub(super) fn add_one_time_key(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, one_time_key_key: &DeviceKeyId,
 		one_time_key_value: &Raw<OneTimeKey>,
 	) -> Result<()> {
@@ -478,7 +391,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn last_one_time_keys_update(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<u64> {
+	pub(super) fn last_one_time_keys_update(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<u64> {
 		self.userid_lastonetimekeyupdate
 			.get(user_id.as_bytes())?
 			.map_or(Ok(0), |bytes| {
@@ -487,7 +400,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			})
 	}
 
-	fn take_one_time_key(
+	pub(super) fn take_one_time_key(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, key_algorithm: &DeviceKeyAlgorithm,
 	) -> Result<Option<(OwnedDeviceKeyId, Raw<OneTimeKey>)>> {
 		let mut prefix = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -521,7 +434,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.transpose()
 	}
 
-	fn count_one_time_keys(
+	pub(super) fn count_one_time_keys(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId,
 	) -> Result<BTreeMap<DeviceKeyAlgorithm, UInt>> {
 		let mut userdeviceid = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -551,7 +464,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(counts)
 	}
 
-	fn add_device_keys(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, device_keys: &Raw<DeviceKeys>) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn add_device_keys(
+		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, device_keys: &Raw<DeviceKeys>,
+	) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut userdeviceid = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userdeviceid.push(0xFF);
 		userdeviceid.extend_from_slice(device_id.as_bytes());
@@ -566,7 +481,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn add_cross_signing_keys(
+	pub(super) fn add_cross_signing_keys(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, master_key: &Raw<CrossSigningKey>, self_signing_key: &Option<Raw<CrossSigningKey>>,
 		user_signing_key: &Option<Raw<CrossSigningKey>>, notify: bool,
 	) -> Result<()> {
@@ -574,7 +489,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		let mut prefix = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 
-		let (master_key_key, _) = self.parse_master_key(user_id, master_key)?;
+		let (master_key_key, _) = Self::parse_master_key(user_id, master_key)?;
 
 		self.keyid_key
 			.insert(&master_key_key, master_key.json().get().as_bytes())?;
@@ -647,7 +562,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn sign_key(
+	pub(super) fn sign_key(
 		&self, target_id: &UserId, key_id: &str, signature: (String, String), sender_id: &UserId,
 	) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut key = target_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -685,7 +600,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn keys_changed<'a>(
+	pub(super) fn keys_changed<'a>(
 		&'a self, user_or_room_id: &str, from: u64, to: Option<u64>,
 	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + 'a> {
 		let mut prefix = user_or_room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -724,7 +639,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		)
 	}
 
-	fn mark_device_key_update(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn mark_device_key_update(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<()> {
 		let count = services().globals.next_count()?.to_be_bytes();
 		for room_id in services()
 			.rooms
@@ -757,7 +672,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn get_device_keys(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId) -> Result<Option<Raw<DeviceKeys>>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_device_keys(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId) -> Result<Option<Raw<DeviceKeys>>> {
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(device_id.as_bytes());
@@ -769,8 +684,8 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		})
 	}
 
-	fn parse_master_key(
-		&self, user_id: &UserId, master_key: &Raw<CrossSigningKey>,
+	pub(super) fn parse_master_key(
+		user_id: &UserId, master_key: &Raw<CrossSigningKey>,
 	) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, CrossSigningKey)> {
 		let mut prefix = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
@@ -793,7 +708,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok((master_key_key, master_key))
 	}
 
-	fn get_key(
+	pub(super) fn get_key(
 		&self, key: &[u8], sender_user: Option<&UserId>, user_id: &UserId, allowed_signatures: &dyn Fn(&UserId) -> bool,
 	) -> Result<Option<Raw<CrossSigningKey>>> {
 		self.keyid_key.get(key)?.map_or(Ok(None), |bytes| {
@@ -807,7 +722,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		})
 	}
 
-	fn get_master_key(
+	pub(super) fn get_master_key(
 		&self, sender_user: Option<&UserId>, user_id: &UserId, allowed_signatures: &dyn Fn(&UserId) -> bool,
 	) -> Result<Option<Raw<CrossSigningKey>>> {
 		self.userid_masterkeyid
@@ -815,7 +730,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.map_or(Ok(None), |key| self.get_key(&key, sender_user, user_id, allowed_signatures))
 	}
 
-	fn get_self_signing_key(
+	pub(super) fn get_self_signing_key(
 		&self, sender_user: Option<&UserId>, user_id: &UserId, allowed_signatures: &dyn Fn(&UserId) -> bool,
 	) -> Result<Option<Raw<CrossSigningKey>>> {
 		self.userid_selfsigningkeyid
@@ -823,7 +738,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			.map_or(Ok(None), |key| self.get_key(&key, sender_user, user_id, allowed_signatures))
 	}
 
-	fn get_user_signing_key(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<Raw<CrossSigningKey>>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_user_signing_key(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<Raw<CrossSigningKey>>> {
 		self.userid_usersigningkeyid
 			.get(user_id.as_bytes())?
 			.map_or(Ok(None), |key| {
@@ -836,7 +751,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			})
 	}
 
-	fn add_to_device_event(
+	pub(super) fn add_to_device_event(
 		&self, sender: &UserId, target_user_id: &UserId, target_device_id: &DeviceId, event_type: &str,
 		content: serde_json::Value,
 	) -> Result<()> {
@@ -858,7 +773,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn get_to_device_events(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId) -> Result<Vec<Raw<AnyToDeviceEvent>>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_to_device_events(
+		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId,
+	) -> Result<Vec<Raw<AnyToDeviceEvent>>> {
 		let mut events = Vec::new();
 
 		let mut prefix = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -876,7 +793,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(events)
 	}
 
-	fn remove_to_device_events(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, until: u64) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn remove_to_device_events(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, until: u64) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut prefix = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 		prefix.extend_from_slice(device_id.as_bytes());
@@ -905,7 +822,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	fn update_device_metadata(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, device: &Device) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn update_device_metadata(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, device: &Device) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut userdeviceid = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userdeviceid.push(0xFF);
 		userdeviceid.extend_from_slice(device_id.as_bytes());
@@ -935,7 +852,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Get device metadata.
-	fn get_device_metadata(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId) -> Result<Option<Device>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_device_metadata(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId) -> Result<Option<Device>> {
 		let mut userdeviceid = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userdeviceid.push(0xFF);
 		userdeviceid.extend_from_slice(device_id.as_bytes());
@@ -949,7 +866,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			})
 	}
 
-	fn get_devicelist_version(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_devicelist_version(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		self.userid_devicelistversion
 			.get(user_id.as_bytes())?
 			.map_or(Ok(None), |bytes| {
@@ -959,7 +876,9 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 			})
 	}
 
-	fn all_devices_metadata<'a>(&'a self, user_id: &UserId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<Device>> + 'a> {
+	pub(super) fn all_devices_metadata<'a>(
+		&'a self, user_id: &UserId,
+	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<Device>> + 'a> {
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 
@@ -974,7 +893,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 	}
 
 	/// Creates a new sync filter. Returns the filter id.
-	fn create_filter(&self, user_id: &UserId, filter: &FilterDefinition) -> Result<String> {
+	pub(super) fn create_filter(&self, user_id: &UserId, filter: &FilterDefinition) -> Result<String> {
 		let filter_id = utils::random_string(4);
 
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -987,7 +906,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 		Ok(filter_id)
 	}
 
-	fn get_filter(&self, user_id: &UserId, filter_id: &str) -> Result<Option<FilterDefinition>> {
+	pub(super) fn get_filter(&self, user_id: &UserId, filter_id: &str) -> Result<Option<FilterDefinition>> {
 		let mut key = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
 		key.extend_from_slice(filter_id.as_bytes());
@@ -1006,7 +925,7 @@ impl Data for KeyValueDatabase {
 /// username could be successfully parsed.
 /// If `utils::string_from_bytes`(...) returns an error that username will be
 /// skipped and the error will be logged.
-fn get_username_with_valid_password(username: &[u8], password: &[u8]) -> Option<String> {
+pub(super) fn get_username_with_valid_password(username: &[u8], password: &[u8]) -> Option<String> {
 	// A valid password is not empty
 	if password.is_empty() {
 		None

src/service/users/mod.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+use conduit::Server;
+
 mod data;
 use std::{
 	collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet},
 	mem,
-	sync::{Arc, Mutex},
+	sync::{Arc, Mutex, Mutex as StdMutex},
 };
 
 use data::Data;
@@ -22,7 +24,7 @@ use ruma::{
 	UInt, UserId,
 };
 
-use crate::{service, services, Error, Result};
+use crate::{database::KeyValueDatabase, service, services, Error, Result};
 
 pub struct SlidingSyncCache {
 	lists: BTreeMap<String, SyncRequestList>,
@@ -34,11 +36,18 @@ pub struct SlidingSyncCache {
 type DbConnections = Mutex<BTreeMap<(OwnedUserId, OwnedDeviceId, String), Arc<Mutex<SlidingSyncCache>>>>;
 
 pub struct Service {
-	pub db: Arc<dyn Data>,
+	pub db: Data,
 	pub connections: DbConnections,
 }
 
 impl Service {
+	pub fn build(_server: &Arc<Server>, db: &Arc<KeyValueDatabase>) -> Result<Self> {
+		Ok(Self {
+			db: Data::new(db.clone()),
+			connections: StdMutex::new(BTreeMap::new()),
+		})
+	}
+
 	/// Check if a user has an account on this homeserver.
 	pub fn exists(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<bool> { self.db.exists(user_id) }
 
@@ -381,7 +390,7 @@ impl Service {
 	pub fn parse_master_key(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, master_key: &Raw<CrossSigningKey>,
 	) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, CrossSigningKey)> {
-		self.db.parse_master_key(user_id, master_key)
+		Data::parse_master_key(user_id, master_key)
 	}
 
 	pub fn get_key(