diff --git a/src/admin/media/commands.rs b/src/admin/media/commands.rs
index c1026ae2..d29d5f47 100644
--- a/src/admin/media/commands.rs
+++ b/src/admin/media/commands.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub(super) async fn delete(
 
 	if let Some(mxc) = mxc {
 		debug!("Got MXC URL: {mxc}");
-		services().media.delete(mxc.to_string()).await?;
+		services().media.delete(mxc.as_ref()).await?;
 
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Deleted the MXC from our database and on our filesystem.",
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ pub(super) async fn delete(
 		}
 
 		for mxc_url in mxc_urls {
-			services().media.delete(mxc_url).await?;
+			services().media.delete(&mxc_url).await?;
 			mxc_deletion_count = mxc_deletion_count.saturating_add(1);
 		}
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ pub(super) async fn delete_list(body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventConte
 
 	for mxc in mxc_list {
 		debug!("Deleting MXC {mxc} in bulk");
-		services().media.delete(mxc.to_owned()).await?;
+		services().media.delete(mxc).await?;
 		mxc_deletion_count = mxc_deletion_count
 			.checked_add(1)
 			.expect("mxc_deletion_count should not get this high");
diff --git a/src/api/client/media.rs b/src/api/client/media.rs
index f457edfa..d454ae9c 100644
--- a/src/api/client/media.rs
+++ b/src/api/client/media.rs
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_content_route(
 		.media
 		.create(
 			Some(sender_user.clone()),
-			mxc.clone(),
+			&mxc,
 			body.filename
 				.as_ref()
 				.map(|filename| {
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_route(body: Ruma<get_content::v3::Request>) -> R
 		content_type,
 		file,
 		content_disposition,
-	}) = services().media.get(mxc.clone()).await?
+	}) = services().media.get(&mxc).await?
 	{
 		let content_disposition = Some(make_content_disposition(&content_type, content_disposition, None));
 
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_as_filename_route(
 		content_type,
 		file,
 		content_disposition,
-	}) = services().media.get(mxc.clone()).await?
+	}) = services().media.get(&mxc).await?
 	{
 		let content_disposition = Some(make_content_disposition(
 			&content_type,
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_thumbnail_route(
 	}) = services()
 		.media
 		.get_thumbnail(
-			mxc.clone(),
+			&mxc,
 			body.width
 				.try_into()
 				.map_err(|_| Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::InvalidParam, "Width is invalid."))?,
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_thumbnail_route(
 					.media
 					.upload_thumbnail(
 						None,
-						mxc,
+						&mxc,
 						None,
 						get_thumbnail_response.content_type.as_deref(),
 						body.width.try_into().expect("all UInts are valid u32s"),
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ async fn get_remote_content(
 		.media
 		.create(
 			None,
-			mxc.to_owned(),
+			mxc,
 			content_disposition.as_deref(),
 			content_response.content_type.as_deref(),
 			&content_response.file,
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ async fn download_image(client: &reqwest::Client, url: &str) -> Result<UrlPrevie
 
 	services()
 		.media
-		.create(None, mxc.clone(), None, None, &image)
+		.create(None, &mxc, None, None, &image)
 		.await?;
 
 	let (width, height) = match ImgReader::new(Cursor::new(&image)).with_guessed_format() {
diff --git a/src/api/client/push.rs b/src/api/client/push.rs
index a928f9d9..5d7fd630 100644
--- a/src/api/client/push.rs
+++ b/src/api/client/push.rs
@@ -365,9 +365,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_pushers_route(body: Ruma<get_pushers::v3::Request>) -> R
 pub(crate) async fn set_pushers_route(body: Ruma<set_pusher::v3::Request>) -> Result<set_pusher::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
 
-	services()
-		.pusher
-		.set_pusher(sender_user, body.action.clone())?;
+	services().pusher.set_pusher(sender_user, &body.action)?;
 
 	Ok(set_pusher::v3::Response::default())
 }
diff --git a/src/api/client/read_marker.rs b/src/api/client/read_marker.rs
index 0f43eeef..cbb36b81 100644
--- a/src/api/client/read_marker.rs
+++ b/src/api/client/read_marker.rs
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_read_marker_route(
 		services().rooms.read_receipt.readreceipt_update(
 			sender_user,
 			&body.room_id,
-			ruma::events::receipt::ReceiptEvent {
+			&ruma::events::receipt::ReceiptEvent {
 				content: ruma::events::receipt::ReceiptEventContent(receipt_content),
 				room_id: body.room_id.clone(),
 			},
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_receipt_route(
 			services().rooms.read_receipt.readreceipt_update(
 				sender_user,
 				&body.room_id,
-				ruma::events::receipt::ReceiptEvent {
+				&ruma::events::receipt::ReceiptEvent {
 					content: ruma::events::receipt::ReceiptEventContent(receipt_content),
 					room_id: body.room_id.clone(),
 				},
diff --git a/src/api/server/send.rs b/src/api/server/send.rs
index 1168dd82..5fad790f 100644
--- a/src/api/server/send.rs
+++ b/src/api/server/send.rs
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_transaction_message_route(
 								services()
 									.rooms
 									.read_receipt
-									.readreceipt_update(&user_id, &room_id, event)?;
+									.readreceipt_update(&user_id, &room_id, &event)?;
 							}
 						} else {
 							debug_warn!(%user_id, %room_id, %origin, "received read receipt EDU from server who does not have a single member from their server in the room");
diff --git a/src/service/appservice/data.rs b/src/service/appservice/data.rs
index 59fabe96..c70a35e2 100644
--- a/src/service/appservice/data.rs
+++ b/src/service/appservice/data.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ impl Data {
 	}
 
 	/// Registers an appservice and returns the ID to the caller
-	pub(super) fn register_appservice(&self, yaml: Registration) -> Result<String> {
+	pub(super) fn register_appservice(&self, yaml: &Registration) -> Result<String> {
 		let id = yaml.id.as_str();
 		self.id_appserviceregistrations
 			.insert(id.as_bytes(), serde_yaml::to_string(&yaml).unwrap().as_bytes())?;
diff --git a/src/service/appservice/mod.rs b/src/service/appservice/mod.rs
index 83023151..17f951d4 100644
--- a/src/service/appservice/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/appservice/mod.rs
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ impl Service {
 			.await
 			.insert(yaml.id.clone(), yaml.clone().try_into()?);
 
-		self.db.register_appservice(yaml)
+		self.db.register_appservice(&yaml)
 	}
 
 	/// Remove an appservice registration
diff --git a/src/service/media/data.rs b/src/service/media/data.rs
index 7b8d0b5a..e52244f3 100644
--- a/src/service/media/data.rs
+++ b/src/service/media/data.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ impl Data {
 	}
 
 	pub(super) fn create_file_metadata(
-		&self, sender_user: Option<&str>, mxc: String, width: u32, height: u32, content_disposition: Option<&str>,
+		&self, sender_user: Option<&str>, mxc: &str, width: u32, height: u32, content_disposition: Option<&str>,
 		content_type: Option<&str>,
 	) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
 		let mut key = mxc.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ impl Data {
 		Ok(key)
 	}
 
-	pub(super) fn delete_file_mxc(&self, mxc: String) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn delete_file_mxc(&self, mxc: &str) -> Result<()> {
 		debug!("MXC URI: {:?}", mxc);
 
 		let mut prefix = mxc.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ impl Data {
 	}
 
 	/// Searches for all files with the given MXC
-	pub(super) fn search_mxc_metadata_prefix(&self, mxc: String) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>> {
+	pub(super) fn search_mxc_metadata_prefix(&self, mxc: &str) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>> {
 		debug!("MXC URI: {:?}", mxc);
 
 		let mut prefix = mxc.as_bytes().to_vec();
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ impl Data {
 	}
 
 	pub(super) fn search_file_metadata(
-		&self, mxc: String, width: u32, height: u32,
+		&self, mxc: &str, width: u32, height: u32,
 	) -> Result<(Option<String>, Option<String>, Vec<u8>)> {
 		let mut prefix = mxc.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
diff --git a/src/service/media/mod.rs b/src/service/media/mod.rs
index a6e2a2a9..f631acb3 100644
--- a/src/service/media/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/media/mod.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl Service {
 
 	/// Uploads a file.
 	pub async fn create(
-		&self, sender_user: Option<OwnedUserId>, mxc: String, content_disposition: Option<&str>,
+		&self, sender_user: Option<OwnedUserId>, mxc: &str, content_disposition: Option<&str>,
 		content_type: Option<&str>, file: &[u8],
 	) -> Result<()> {
 		// Width, Height = 0 if it's not a thumbnail
@@ -79,13 +79,13 @@ impl Service {
 	}
 
 	/// Deletes a file in the database and from the media directory via an MXC
-	pub async fn delete(&self, mxc: String) -> Result<()> {
-		if let Ok(keys) = self.db.search_mxc_metadata_prefix(mxc.clone()) {
+	pub async fn delete(&self, mxc: &str) -> Result<()> {
+		if let Ok(keys) = self.db.search_mxc_metadata_prefix(mxc) {
 			for key in keys {
 				self.remove_media_file(&key).await?;
 
 				debug!("Deleting MXC {mxc} from database");
-				self.db.delete_file_mxc(mxc.clone())?;
+				self.db.delete_file_mxc(mxc)?;
 			}
 
 			Ok(())
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ impl Service {
 	/// Uploads or replaces a file thumbnail.
 	#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 	pub async fn upload_thumbnail(
-		&self, sender_user: Option<OwnedUserId>, mxc: String, content_disposition: Option<&str>,
+		&self, sender_user: Option<OwnedUserId>, mxc: &str, content_disposition: Option<&str>,
 		content_type: Option<&str>, width: u32, height: u32, file: &[u8],
 	) -> Result<()> {
 		let key = if let Some(user) = sender_user {
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ impl Service {
 	}
 
 	/// Downloads a file.
-	pub async fn get(&self, mxc: String) -> Result<Option<FileMeta>> {
+	pub async fn get(&self, mxc: &str) -> Result<Option<FileMeta>> {
 		if let Ok((content_disposition, content_type, key)) = self.db.search_file_metadata(mxc, 0, 0) {
 			let mut file = Vec::new();
 			let path = self.get_media_file(&key);
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ impl Service {
 
 		for mxc in remote_mxcs {
 			debug!("Deleting MXC {mxc} from database and filesystem");
-			self.delete(mxc).await?;
+			self.delete(&mxc).await?;
 			deletion_count = deletion_count.saturating_add(1);
 		}
 
@@ -265,12 +265,12 @@ impl Service {
 	///
 	/// For width,height <= 96 the server uses another thumbnailing algorithm
 	/// which crops the image afterwards.
-	pub async fn get_thumbnail(&self, mxc: String, width: u32, height: u32) -> Result<Option<FileMeta>> {
+	pub async fn get_thumbnail(&self, mxc: &str, width: u32, height: u32) -> Result<Option<FileMeta>> {
 		let (width, height, crop) = self
 			.thumbnail_properties(width, height)
 			.unwrap_or((0, 0, false)); // 0, 0 because that's the original file
 
-		if let Ok((content_disposition, content_type, key)) = self.db.search_file_metadata(mxc.clone(), width, height) {
+		if let Ok((content_disposition, content_type, key)) = self.db.search_file_metadata(mxc, width, height) {
 			// Using saved thumbnail
 			let mut file = Vec::new();
 			let path = self.get_media_file(&key);
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ impl Service {
 				content_type,
 				file: file.clone(),
 			}))
-		} else if let Ok((content_disposition, content_type, key)) = self.db.search_file_metadata(mxc.clone(), 0, 0) {
+		} else if let Ok((content_disposition, content_type, key)) = self.db.search_file_metadata(mxc, 0, 0) {
 			// Generate a thumbnail
 			let mut file = Vec::new();
 			let path = self.get_media_file(&key);
diff --git a/src/service/pusher/data.rs b/src/service/pusher/data.rs
index 0892073f..a8a9366e 100644
--- a/src/service/pusher/data.rs
+++ b/src/service/pusher/data.rs
@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ impl Data {
 		}
 	}
 
-	pub(super) fn set_pusher(&self, sender: &UserId, pusher: set_pusher::v3::PusherAction) -> Result<()> {
-		match &pusher {
+	pub(super) fn set_pusher(&self, sender: &UserId, pusher: &set_pusher::v3::PusherAction) -> Result<()> {
+		match pusher {
 			set_pusher::v3::PusherAction::Post(data) => {
 				let mut key = sender.as_bytes().to_vec();
 				key.push(0xFF);
 				key.extend_from_slice(data.pusher.ids.pushkey.as_bytes());
 				self.senderkey_pusher
-					.insert(&key, &serde_json::to_vec(&pusher).expect("Pusher is valid JSON value"))?;
+					.insert(&key, &serde_json::to_vec(pusher).expect("Pusher is valid JSON value"))?;
 				Ok(())
 			},
 			set_pusher::v3::PusherAction::Delete(ids) => {
diff --git a/src/service/pusher/mod.rs b/src/service/pusher/mod.rs
index ff167918..25faecd5 100644
--- a/src/service/pusher/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/pusher/mod.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl Service {
 		})
 	}
 
-	pub fn set_pusher(&self, sender: &UserId, pusher: set_pusher::v3::PusherAction) -> Result<()> {
+	pub fn set_pusher(&self, sender: &UserId, pusher: &set_pusher::v3::PusherAction) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db.set_pusher(sender, pusher)
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/read_receipt/data.rs b/src/service/rooms/read_receipt/data.rs
index cf9d0ee3..a33c64ac 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/read_receipt/data.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/read_receipt/data.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ impl Data {
 		}
 	}
 
-	pub(super) fn readreceipt_update(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, event: ReceiptEvent) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn readreceipt_update(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, event: &ReceiptEvent) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut prefix = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ impl Data {
 
 		self.readreceiptid_readreceipt.insert(
 			&room_latest_id,
-			&serde_json::to_vec(&event).expect("EduEvent::to_string always works"),
+			&serde_json::to_vec(event).expect("EduEvent::to_string always works"),
 		)?;
 
 		Ok(())
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/read_receipt/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/read_receipt/mod.rs
index 56401fe4..5da374ef 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/read_receipt/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/read_receipt/mod.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ impl Service {
 	}
 
 	/// Replaces the previous read receipt.
-	pub fn readreceipt_update(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, event: ReceiptEvent) -> Result<()> {
+	pub fn readreceipt_update(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, event: &ReceiptEvent) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db.readreceipt_update(user_id, room_id, event)?;
 		services().sending.flush_room(room_id)?;
 
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/state_compressor/data.rs b/src/service/rooms/state_compressor/data.rs
index 2bf93f38..454a3b57 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/state_compressor/data.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/state_compressor/data.rs
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ impl Data {
 		})
 	}
 
-	pub(super) fn save_statediff(&self, shortstatehash: u64, diff: StateDiff) -> Result<()> {
+	pub(super) fn save_statediff(&self, shortstatehash: u64, diff: &StateDiff) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut value = diff.parent.unwrap_or(0).to_be_bytes().to_vec();
 		for new in diff.added.iter() {
 			value.extend_from_slice(&new[..]);
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/state_compressor/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/state_compressor/mod.rs
index 8dde2890..ee0e4cc9 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/state_compressor/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/state_compressor/mod.rs
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ impl Service {
 			// There is no parent layer, create a new state
 			self.db.save_statediff(
 				shortstatehash,
-				StateDiff {
+				&StateDiff {
 					parent: None,
 					added: statediffnew,
 					removed: statediffremoved,
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ impl Service {
 			// Diff small enough, we add diff as layer on top of parent
 			self.db.save_statediff(
 				shortstatehash,
-				StateDiff {
+				&StateDiff {
 					parent: Some(parent.0),
 					added: statediffnew,
 					removed: statediffremoved,